Pioneers move west and make the nation grow. Go West Young Man Pioneers move west and make the nation grow.

The Original 13 Colonies

The 13 Colonies in 1776 New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York Pennsylvania Delaware New Jersey Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

The American Revolution The American Colonies fought for Independence from Great Britain. The American Revolution lasted from 1775 to 1783.

America Grows after the Revolution After the American Revolution, new territories were added as part of the Treaty of Paris, 1783. Britain gave up its claim to all land south of Canada and east of the Mississippi River.

The US and its Territories-1783

Over the Mountains

Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountains are a chain of several mountain ranges that run from the top of Georgia to New York and on to the bottom of Maine.

Crossing the Mountains In the 1700s the only ways to travel were by boat, wagon, on horseback or on foot. These mountains were too difficult to cross.

The Cumberland Gap In 1750 Dr. Thomas Walker and some friends found a trail though a valley. It is called the Cumberland Gap Later Daniel Boone and others would use the path to lead pioneers into the west.

Pioneers Head West

New States Pioneers moved west and built villages and towns. Soon there would be new states in the Union. Vermont 1791 Kentucky 1792 Tennessee 1796

The Mighty Mississippi

The Port of New Orleans The Mississippi was like a water highway, connecting many rivers and communities. New Orleans was a port city that connected the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico.

The Louisiana Purchase In 1801 Thomas Jefferson sent Robert Livingston to Paris in order to buy the city of New Orleans.

The Louisiana Purchase France offered to sell all of land it held along with the city. Livingston purchased the entire Louisiana Territory for $15,000,000.

Exploring the Country President Jefferson then sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the land. With the help of Sacagawea, they traveled to the Pacific Ocean and back.

Lewis & Clark Travel for Two Years

The USA and Territories in 1805

Traveling the American Rivers As more people moved west, more goods and supplies needed to be sent west too. The best way was to send cargo on boats.

Portage: French word-to carry Not all rivers connect to each other. Some rivers have dangerous rapids too. Boats would have to be unloaded, then the goods and boats were walked across the land. Pioneers needed to travel across the Great Lakes too.

Building the Erie Canal A plan was made to create a canal, a man-made-river, to connect the city of Albany to Buffalo in New York. Flat-bottomed boats called barges, would be pulled along the canal by mules. The mules walked along a path next to the canal.

The Erie Canal The Erie Canal was completed in 1825. The Eastern states were now connected to the Great Lakes and the Northwest Territories.

Travel by Barge on the Erie Canal Boats filled with people and goods could travel across the Great Lakes and down rivers like the Wabash, Illinois, and Ohio then down to the Mississippi.

America in 1820 New States in the union: Indiana-1816 Mississippi-1817 Illinois-1818 Alabama-1819 Maine-1820 Missouri-1821

The United States in 1830

Beyond the Mississippi America grows

Moving West

Missouri Missouri became the “Gateway” to the west. The city of St. Louis is on the Mississippi River. Settlers came down the Ohio River to the Mississippi and started the trip on land from St. Louis. Pioneers would follow the Missouri River out into the west.

The Wagon Train Pioneers could buy supplies in the town of Independence. It was much safer to travel in groups with other families in wagon trains. The wagon trains would follow a guide and the trails out into the west.

Oregon Territory Far in the west was the Oregon Territory. Few people were living there before the 1840s. Groups of people traveled together in wagon trains and began to move west. The path they followed was named the Oregon Trail.

The Changing Land The center of the country is covered in flat, grassy land called the Great Plains.

New Sights The land west of the Mississippi was very different for the pioneers. There were fewer trees and flat lands full of tall grasses.

Where the Buffalo Roam

Life on the trail

The Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains run from New Mexico up into Canada. Some mountains are more than 14,000 feet tall.

Crossing the Plains, Rivers and Mountains

The Oregon Trail Starting in Independence, it could take more than 4 months to get to Oregon.

California Settlers followed the trail to Sacramento, California. Gold was discovered in 1848 and thousands of new people headed west.

GOLD!

Wagon Trails West

The wagons are gone, but the ruts can still be seen today.

The End