Isolationism -stay out of foreign affairs Has been U.S. policy until late 1800s -Washington’s advice: farewell address says remain neutral -Monroe Doctrine— Europe stay out of this hemisphere

Imperialism -Policy of taking colonies for economic interests Why?? 1. other world powers were building empires -jingoism: extreme patriotism through foreign policy 2. U.S. also needed new markets for our products -spheres of influence: some type of political, economic or cultural control indirectly

Imperialism

Building an Empire -Alaska, 1867 referred to as: Seward’s Folly Purchased from Russia for 2 cents an acre, ended up being very valuable land -Hawaii, 1898 overthrew the Queen of Hawaii in 1893, annexed in Alfred Mahan Influence of Sea Power upon History - discussed need for strong Navy

Yellow Journalism Activity: Complete the handout as we go through this in-class activity. We will return to notes after the activity is completed!

Cuba Revolts against Spanish Rule: Cuba was a Spanish colony for nearly 350 years. In 1895 the people of Cuba revolted against Spanish rule. As part of their attempt to stop the rebellion, the Spanish put some Cubans into concentration camps. The camps were badly run with terrible living conditions, disease, and bad food. As the death toll from the rebellion began to rise, Americans debated whether or not they should get involved. America's Response: Officially, the United States adopted a policy of neutrality. Many American businesses had money invested in Cuban sugar and mining industries and supported U.S. involvement. Further, support for the Monroe Doctrine and a growing sense of America's world importance fueled public calls for U.S. involvement. American newspapers, in particular the New York World and the New York Journal, sent journalists to Cuba to cover the situation. They hoped that the Cuban conflict would increase newspaper sales.

What is yellow journalism?

The First Media War—Pulitzer and Hearst

Spanish-American -Spanish rule of Cuba  Spanish ruled harshly  Cubans want independence -yellow journalism: biased opinion as fact, distorted, misleading images -De Lome letter: written by Spain, accidentally published, attacked Pres. McKinley, angered Americans -U.S. sends ship to observe and protect US interest in Cuba -USS Maine explodes in Havana, newspapers blamed Cuba -”Remember the Maine” battle cry for war

Spanish-American War

Philippines -U.S. attacks Spanish colony when war starts -George Dewey captures the islands -Why did we capture the Philippines??? New markets!! -Imperialistic Foreign Policy -Josiah Strong: White Man’s Burden: book supported imperialism, its our duty to civilize the uncivilized ______________________ -Anti-Imperialistic Feelings— against expansion -Anti-Imperialist League -Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams

Fighting in Cuba -Cuba will be independent Teller Amendment -Rough Riders volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt cleared way for attack on San Juan Hill -”Splendid Little War” lasted only a few months, Cuba is free -Treaty of Paris, 1898 Puerto Rico is part of U.S. U.S. buys Philippines and Guam

Essential Questions 1. Why did the United States become involved in world affairs? 2. How did the government’s role in economic and political affairs change as America became more imperialistic? 3. What areas did the US try to influence through military, economic, and political means?

Review Questions 1. What was the direct cause of the Spanish- American War? a. The U.S. government’s wish to gain control of the Philippines b. The publication of the de Lome letter c. The destruction of the battleship Maine d. The American people’s desire for an independent Cuba

2. Which of the following was the most important reason the United States pursued a policy of imperialism? a. To help other countries economically b. To spread capitalism c. To spread democratic ideals d. To acquire new markets and sources of raw materials

3. Extreme patriotism through foreign policy a. Sphere of influence b. Jingoism c. Imperialism d. Yellow journalism

4. Seward’s Folly a. Hawaii b. Cuba c. Canada d. Alaska

5. Leader and unit that captured San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War a. Roosevelt, Rough Riders b. Seward, Alaskan Bears c. Strong, Pilipino Defense d. Dewey, Tough Tumblers

Headline Activity You will create 6 yellow journalism headlines on the topics/events we discussed today Under each headline give the year if applicable and two details about the topic or event Be creative! Topics/Events can include: Spanish-American War Acquisition of Hawaii Alfred Mahan’s book Purchase of Alaska USS Maine exploding Treaty of Paris Rough Riders US attacks the Philippines De Lome Letter Examples: US demands that Europe stays out! Monroe Doctrine is issued in 1823 Part of isolationist policies warning Europe to remain out of this hemisphere Thousands dead after devastating hurricane… Hurricane Katrina flooded New Orleans and surrounding areas in 2005 It was the costliest hurricane in US history

Newspaper Activity: create the front page of a yellow journalism newspaper about the events and information we learned about today Name for paper, Editor (you), date Sensational Headline for main article, picture, and story—topic is Spanish-American War 2 supplemental stories—the Rough Riders and Reasons for Imperialism Write articles as if you are during the time period we are studying! Remember that Yellow Journalism was very popular during this time!