Chapter 13: North and South Section 1: The North’s Economy

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 1. Technol0gy and Industry Early 1800’s most people lived/worked on farms. Changes begin in Northern states. Industrialization 3 phases: 1. manufacturers made products by dividing tasks among workers. 2. manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together, 3. workers used machinery to perform some of their work. mass production in NE early 1800s Elias Howe invented sewing machine 1846 By 1860 NE factories produced 2/3rds of U.S. manufactured goods. Improved Transportation 1800 to 1850 built 1000s of miles of roads and canals.

Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 2. Opened new shipping routes by connecting lakes, rivers, with roads. Growth of railroads in 1840s also helped speed flow of goods. Robert Fulton invented reliable steamboat in 1807. Carried more goods cheaper & faster. In 1840s, canals builders deepened and broad- ened canals. 1860 about 3,000 steaboats traveled major rivers, canals, and Great Lakes. Spurred growth of cities Cincinnatti, Buffalo, and Chicago. Clipper ships sleek hulls & tall sails. 300 miles a day. As fast as steamboats. Voyages were cut short. BY Clipper, NY to Great Britain = about 10 to 14 days.

Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 3. Locomotives First steam powered loco The Rocket began in G. Britain in 1829. Peter Cooper built 1st Amer. steam loco in 1830 called Tom Thumb. Failed at first, but within 10 years locomotive engines worked in the U.S. The Railway Network 1840 almost 3000 miles of railroad tracks. 1860 almost 31,000 miles, mostly in North and the Midwest. Rail lines begin to be built farther west (Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. By 1860 network of railroad lines united the Midwest and the East.

Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 4. Moving Goods and People Canals & railroads transformed trade in the interior of the U.S. - Erie Canal in 1825. First railroads in 1830s. Ag. goods down Miss. to New Orleans then shipped to other countries or East Coast. Faster delivery of goods meant cheaper price. Railroads also promoted settlement and industrialization of Midwest. People settled in and populations grew in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. As populations grew so did states, new towns, and industries developed.

Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 5. Faster Communication Growth of industry caused new pace of travel and need for faster methods. Telegraph used electrical signals to transmit messages. Samuel Morse sent first messages on May 24, 1844 in Washington D.C. to Baltimore. Morse Code (series of dots and dashes). By 1852, there were about 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in U.S. Agriculture In early 1800s farmers had moved west of Missouri and they greatly increased harvests. Moved into Great Plains area. Revolution in Agriculture More difficult land called for new developments in farm equipment.

Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 1: The North’s Economy 6. John Deere invented steel-tipped plow in 1837. Better than old wooden plows. Mechanical reaper sped up wheat harvests. Mechanical threshers separated grain from the stalk. McCormick Reaper invented by Cyrus McCor- mick of Virginia made a fortune selling them. It made hand-held sickles obsolete. Faster harvested led to more acres of crop planted and more profits. The North, however, turned away from farming and expanded industry. Rocky soils. More people began working in factories.