Analysing Nanostructures

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Presentation transcript:

Analysing Nanostructures School of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Analysing Nanostructures Michael Rappolt 1. BSc Student Lecture: Physics with Introduction to Modern Physics 2nd of June 2014, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana

Tools for Analysing the Nano-World Electron Microscopy (EM) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) X-ray Diffraction Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering

Discovery of the DNA Structure and Watson and Crick in front of their DNA model, 1953 Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA

Electron Microscopy: DNA Origami Bai, X. -C.; Martin, T. G.; Scheres, S. H. W.; Dietz, H. (2012). PNAS 109: 20012–20017

Membrane Rafts = Protein Platforms Hodzic, A., Zoumpoulakis, P., Pabst G., Mavromostakos, T., and Rappolt, M. (2012): PCCP 14 Cholesterol is enriched in lipid raft microdomains Miersch et al. (2008) JBC 283

AFM: Looking at Membrane Rafts SM/DOPC/Chol Mainly Ld phase (a) Mainly Lo phase (f) Simon Connell et al. 2013 Faraday Discussion 161

X-ray Scattering Set-Up Detector X-ray beam (l = 1.54 Å) 2q Scattered Intensity powder averaged diffraction pattern (random orientation of scattering domains) profile

Bragg’s Law from 1912 d = const. * λ / 2 sinΘ (1’) William Lawrence Bragg d = const. * λ / 2 sinΘ (1’) d = const. * λ / 2Θ (2), for Θ << 1

Diffuse Scattering and Diffraction 2q ai af qr qz Vesicles Membrane Model Weakly Ordered Liposomes Membrane & Lattice Models Well ordered Liposomes Direct transformation (F.T.) Membrane Films: Direct transformation (F.T.)

Fourier Transform & Modelling 1 2 Pabst, G., Rappolt ,M. et al. (2000): PRE 62, 4000 Rappolt, M. et al. (2004):Recent Res. Devel. ,Vol.3, 363 Heftberger, P. et al. (2013): J. Appl.Cryst., in press Direct transformation (F.T.) Rappolt, M. et al. (2003): Biophys. J. 84, 3111

Protein Crystallography

Protein Structure, e.g. Ribosome More than 20 years of work are in this stucture!

SAXS and WAXS 1-100 nm 0.1-0.9 nm

Packing & Stacking with Triacylglycerides (TAGs) Polymorphism TAGs: Different possibilities of lateral packing of the hydrocarbon chains. Kalnin et al. Cryst. Growth Design 6 (2004)

Cacao Butter SAXS WAXS q = 2π/d (Å-1) 0.125 (2L) 0.138 (2L) 0.141 (2L) 0.095 (3L) SAXS and WAXS patterns: I(γ), II(α), IV(β’), V(β2), and VI(β1) polymorphic phases of cocoa butter. Silva et al. Cryst. Growth Design 9 (2009)

Starch Granule Structure Semi-crystalline region Double helix (amylose) Sarkar & Pérez BMC Bioinformatics 13 (2012) 9 nm repeat

Starch Granule: Fibre Diffraction & SAXS Riekel and co-workers, ID13, ESRF

Aligned and Non-Aligned Regions Riekel and co-workers, ID13, ESRF

Thank You For Your Attention! New camera SAXSpace in the Lipid Biophysics Lab School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK