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Chapter Preview 3 Chapter Preview · Section 3 Norms and Values (pages 81–91) The essential components of culture are norms, values, beliefs, and material objects. Sanctions are used to encourage conformity to norms. Values, the broadest cultural ideas, form the basis for norms.

Section 3-Polling Question In your opinion, which of the following values most closely identifies with American culture? A. Belief in God B. Achievement and success C.Democracy D. Equality A.A B.B C.C D.D

Section 3 Norms: The Rules We Live By Norms are rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Norms are so engrained in humans that they guide behavior without awareness.Norms Cultural Etiquette

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which of the following is a norm that affects behavior in the classroom? A.Showing respect B.Completing classwork C.Sitting still D. All of the above

Section 3 Folkways, Mores, and Laws There are three types of norms: –Folkways—rules that cover customary ways of thinking, feeling and behaving but lack moral overtones.Folkways –Mores—norms of great moral significance.Mores –Taboo—a norm so strong that its violation demands punishment by the group.Taboo Patterns of Tourism

Section 3 Folkways, Mores, and Laws (cont.) Laws are norms that are formally defined and enforced by officials.Laws Silly Laws Still on the Books

A.A B.B C.C Section 3 Which of the following do you think has the most influence on our laws? A.Mores B.Folkways C.Taboos

Section 3 Enforcing the Rules Sanctions are rewards and punishments used to encourage conformity to norms, either formally or informally.Sanctions Formal sanctions are sanctions that may be applied, for positive or negative reasons, only by officially designated persons, such as judges and teachers.Formal sanctions

Section 3 Enforcing the Rules (cont.) Informal sanctions can be applied by most members of a group, also for positive or negative reasons.Informal sanctions

A.A B.B C.C Section 3 Is earning the Congressional Medal of Honor a formal or informal sanction? A.Informal B.Formal C.Not sure

Section 3 Values—The Basis for Norms Values are broad ideas about what most people in a society consider to be desirable.Values Different groups in the same society can have different norms based on the same value.

Section 3 Values—The Basis for Norms (cont.) Values have a tremendous influence on human social behavior because they form the basis for norms. The Norm Kite

Figure 3.4 The Norm Kite

Section 3 Basic Values in the United States According to sociologist Robin Williams (1970), some of the important values that guide the values of most people in the United States are as follows: –Achievement and success –Activity and work –Efficiency and practicality –Equality –Democracy –Group superiority

Section 3 Basic Values in the United States (cont.) Although many of these values have remained the same over the years, some have changed.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which of Williams’s values do you feel is the least influential in American society? A.Achievement and success B.Activity and work C.Efficiency and practicality D.Equality

Section 3-Key Terms norms folkways mores taboo law sanctions formal sanctions informal sanctions values

Section 5-End

Figure 3.2A

Figure 3.2B

Figure 3.3A

Figure 3.3B

Figure 3.4 The Norm Kite

Figure 3.5 Cultural Universals

Snapshot Source: Bureau of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services: 2004 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics. Immigration to the United States

World View Patterns of Tourism Adapted from the Student Atlas: DK Publishing, Inc.

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Vocab 9 norms rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior

Vocab 10 folkways norms that lack moral significance

Vocab 11 mores norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society

Vocab 12 taboo a rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment

Vocab 13 law a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials

Vocab 14 sanctions rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms

Vocab 15 formal sanctions sanctions imposed be persons given special authority

Vocab 16 informal sanctions rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group

Vocab 17 values broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society

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