The War Effort At Home Chapter 18 section3
Emancipation Although Lincoln personally hated slavery. The purpose of the war, he said, “is to save the Union and is not either it save or to destroy slavery.”
Emancipation Proclamation By the summer of 1862, Lincoln’s emancipation plan was ready. When the Union turned back Lee’s troops at the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln saw his chance. On September 22, 1862, he issued a warning to the Confederates: Unless they returned to the Union by January 1, 1863, he would free their slaves. The Confederacy ignored the warning.
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 freed all the slaves in the Confederate states. The proclamation won European support for the Union and gave the benefit of 186,000 African Americans soldiers.
Emancipation Proclamation
First Reading of Emancipation
African American soldiers Even though they were risking their lives, African American soldiers were discriminated against. They were assigned to all black regiments commanded by white officers. They finally won equality in issues such as pay.
54 th Massachusetts Regiment
Women in the Civil War Women contributed to the war effort by working in mints, offices, and arsenals. They also set up and ran hospitals. Clara Barton tended to soldiers on the battlefield. She also helped to form the American Red Cross.
Confederate Women in The Civil War
Clara Barton
Opposition at Home Each side had opposition at home. Southerners resisted taxes and military cooperation. Many Northern Democrats in the Union favored restoring peace at all costs. Northern Republicans called these Democrats “Copperheads” after the poisonous snake.
Copperheads
Draft Riots Both sides set up a draft. When the first draft was held in July 1863, riots broke out. The worst was in New York City. There a mob, mostly Irish-Americans went on a 4-day rampage, burning draft offices and lynching African Americans. At least 105 people were killed. Draft-a system of requiring men to serve in the military
Draft Riots in NYC
Economic Problems Both sides faced economic problems as well. The union passed the nation’s first income tax. Income tax- a tax on money earned from work or investments The Union was able to supply its troops, but the Confederacy suffered severe shortages.