INTRODUCTION Dysfunctional Patterns

FAMILY HONOUR “Honour" crime involves violence, including murder, committed by people who want to defend the reputation of their family or community. Honour killing is the murder of a person accused of bringing shame upon his or her family. Family Honour

In this topic we will be looking at and discussing the dysfunctional patterns that can impact on young people and their families. In particular which approaches and common values are important to the young person, the people who work with them and society in general and how to break the destructive patterns that can lead to social exclusion. INTRODUCTION DYSFUNCTIONAL PATTERNS

These are the subjects we will be discussing in this topic. The cake is divided into four different “wedges”, where all of the parts have equal importance and link together under the heading dysfunctional patterns to help in the prevention of dropping out of education, which can lead to social exclusion and other issues. DYSFUNCTIONAL PATTERNS Mental health issues Specific Learning Difficulties Honour killings Family patterns e.g. abuse

Dysfunctional Patterns Mental health issues Specific Learning Difficultie s Family Honour Family patterns e.g. abuse

Why? What can I do? Who can I talk to? Concerns

Women and girls are the most common victims of honour based violence however it can also affect men and boys. Crimes of ‘honour’ do not always include violence. Crimes committed in the name of ‘honour’ might include: domestic abuse sexual or psychological abuse forced marriage being taken and held against your will assault What is honour crime?

Female genital mutilation (sometimes referred to as female circumcision) refers to procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The practice is illegal in the UK. The girls may be taken to their countries of origin so that FGM can be carried out during the summer holidays, allowing them time to "heal" before they return to school. There are also worries that some girls may have FGM performed in the UK. The legal situation FGM is illegal in the UK. It is also illegal to arrange for a child to be taken abroad for FGM. If caught, offenders face a large fine and a prison sentence of up to 14 years. FGM (Female Genital Mutilation.)

Case 1 T. is 14 year old girl who lives in a rural village in the UK she is second generation and is the only family of colour in the community. She overheard a conversation her parents were having with her uncle about her being taken abroad in the summer holidays and being forced into a marriage. She contacted Freedom and was offered support and advice. She is now safe and happy adjusting to her new life. Case studies

Case 2 16 year old R. contacted Freedom when she found out her parents were bringing her 38 year old cousin into the UK with the intention of marrying her off to him. She did not want this marriage to go ahead. Freedom intervened with the relevant agencies and she is now at college studying. Case studies

Case 3 Parents of 17 year old A. discovered he was gay and to ‘cure ‘him told him he was going back to their homeland and getting married. He was distressed and starting self-harming. His friend contacted Freedom who were able to offer advice and assistance. A. is now not in any danger. Case studies

Sara’s Story

STATISTICS JANUARY TO DECEMBER The FMU gave advice or support related to a possible forced marriage in 1302 cases. - Where the age was known, 15% of cases involved victims2 below 16 years, 25% involved victims aged 16-17, 33% involved victims aged 18-21, 15% involved victims aged 22-25, 7% involved victims aged 26-30, 3% involved victims aged % of cases involved female victims and 18% involved male victims. - The FMU handled cases involving 74 different countries3, including Pakistan (42.7%), India (10.9%), Bangladesh (9.8%), Afghanistan (2.8%), Somalia (2.5%), Iraq (1.5%), Nigeria (1.1%), Saudi Arabia (1.1%), Yemen (1%), Iran (0.8%), Tunisia (0.8%), The Gambia (0.7%), Egypt (0.6%) and Morocco (0.4%). The origin was unknown in 5.4% of cases. - Within the UK the regional distribution was: London 24.9%, West Midlands 13.6%, South East 9.9%, North West 9.3%, Yorkshire and Humberside 6.8%, East Midlands 4.2%, East Anglia 3.5%, Scotland 2.9%, North East 2%, South West 1.6%, Wales 1.6%, Northern Ireland 0.3%. The region was unknown in 19.4% of cases cases involved victims with disabilities involved victims who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). Statistics

It has been estimated that over 20,000 girls under the age of 15 are at risk of female genital mutilation (FGM) in the UK each year, and that 66,000 women in the UK are living with the consequences of FGM. However, the true extent is unknown, due to the "hidden" nature of the crime. New research by IKWRO has found that more than 2800 incidents of ‘honour’ based violence were reported to police across the UK in Statistics

Information from other European partners: Bulgaria: Honour crime is not an issue. And so there are no statistics or legislation. Germany: Honour crime is an issue among migrant groups. In July 2011 Germany introduced a bill to fight against forced marriages and to protect the victims of forced marriage. Female genital mutilation is illegal in Germany (cf. StGB §226a). There is an estimated number of about cases of FGM in Germany according to the information on European Information

Sweden: Honour crime started in the 2000s and so is relatively new. A survey conducted by the Youth Board in Sweden in 2009 indicated that 70,000 individuals aged perceive that relatives and family members limit them in their choice of partners. This was 6.6% of young women and 3.8% of young men surveyed. The survey showed that it was much more common in families with immigrant background compared to those with a Swedish background. Exact statistics for violence are not available due to the nature of the crime. There is no specific legislation for Honour based violence in Sweden. European Information

Germany: Victims can go to charitable organisations like Caritas or SKF or “Donum vitae” who support women in distress. Sweden: Victims can go to the police or Social Services. BOJ (Victim support) can refer to other organisations for specific help. Save the Children’s Ombudsman/BRIS for children / youths. National helpline for Organisation for support for women. Places to go for Advice and Guidance in Europe

UK: Places to go for Advice and Guidance in Europe

This training program can be used by everyone who in their work come in contact with young people, and above all to personnel groups, often multidisciplinary, who will be able to, based on the same values and knowledge, cooperate in their work with young people at risk of social exclusion.

This project was developed by: Thank you for your attention! This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.