Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology August 4, 2015 Austin Nicholas Landing Site Considerations Related to the Potential Sample Retrieval and Launch Mission Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. © 2015 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars Program Office Perspective on SRL Impacts from M2020 Landing Site Selection 2 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. Mars Program Requirements Review (July 2014) addressed the implications of M2020 design/operations on potential future Mars Sample Return-related missions –The fundamental direction received was that future missions will be designed to successfully operate at the landing site chosen for M2020 In today’s discussion, we are quite clear that: Future Mars mission considerations should not be treated as constraints on M2020 landing site selection –But we do want the community to understand these considerations! Three major areas of influence –EDL –Traversability –Latitude We will address these factors in the next few slides

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology SRL Functions 3 Land near the same site as M2020 Traverse to location(s) of tubes Pick up tubes (Return to landing site, if fetch) Load tubes into MAV Launch MAV Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. Affected by landing site choice Mobile MAV Concept Platform + Fetch Concept MAV Fetch Rover Land near the same site as M2020 Traverse to location(s) of tubes Pick up tubes from the ground (Return to landing site, if fetch) Load tubes into MAV Launch MAV Solar RTG

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology SRL Arrival Opportunities, Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. aphelion N Winter S Summer N Summer S Winter 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 0° 30° 60° 71° 251° perihelion Likely SRL opportunities arrive in northern fall and winter, which makes northern landing sites more challenging from thermal and solar power perspectives.

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology SRL EDL 5 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. Assume an M2020-like EDL system with similar capability –Elevation –Accuracy –Obstacle/Slope Tolerance –TRN (if M2020 uses it) 1200 kg900 kg Landed Elevation Capability, MOLA (km) 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg 900 kg 1200 kg 900 kg Launch Opportunity (year) Mars Arrival Ls (deg) , , Nili Fossae E MargaritiferJezero NE Syrtis Mawrth Vallis SW Melas MSL Chute High Mach Chute Holden 150° 180° 210° 270° McLaughlin (-5km) HarderEasier M2020 Capability

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 6 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics ClustersFrequency 79.0% 9.4% 7.0% 3.7% 0.5% 0.2% 1B 2B 1B 1A 1B 1C 1A 2D 2B 2C 2E 2A SRL Drive SimulationsCDFs for Each CaseTotal SRL CDF M2020 Drive Simulation Tube Locations Cluster Sets Visited *Using M2020 Traversability Tools (MTTT) 1A 1B 1C 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology SRL Traverse Results 7 When dropping all prime mission tubes at the 2 nd ROI visited, SRL traverse distances are similar to M2020 SRL drive distances at Mawrth, McLaughlin and Margaritifer are longer than M2020, but still shorter than all other sites Results shown for one-way, round trip traverse distances are approximately double Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1:1 2:1 1:2

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology SRL Conclusions 8 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. Three major areas: –EDL — higher altitude landing sites are more challenging Future opportunities may have less favorable atmospheric conditions than 2020 –Traversability — SRL considerations generally parallel M2020 –Latitude — Northern latitude sites are more challenging for solar concepts

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Backup 9

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars Sample Return (Reference Concept) 10 Mars Sample Return Orbiter 2022 or 2024 Sample Return Lander 2026 or 2028 Sample Return 2031 or 2033 Cache Retrieval MAV launch Performs Science EEV Reentry SRL + Mars Ascent Vehicle Break-the-Chain Mars 2020 Orbiting Sample Earth Mars Retrieve OS Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.

Mars Formulation Summary of SRL Elevation Considerations 1200 kg900 kg Ls = 150 Ls = 180 Ls = 210 Ls = 270 Landed Elevation Capability, MOLA (km) Launch Opportunity (year) Mars Arrival Ls (deg) Notes: -Results assume baseline M2020 hardware, software and timeline, vehicle mass properties, and entry interface condition -Close to equatorial landing site (Gale Crater) -Effects of dust not considered (Ls ≈ ) -Results are accurate to within ± ~0.5 km -High fidelity cases were run at 1200 kg; altitude performance at other landed masses was calculated using ballistic coefficient partial -Each launch opportunity has a range of viable arrival Ls values; ranges shown for realistic values of C3, entry velocity, and TOF , , kg900 kg 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg900 kg 1200 kg 900 kg 1200 kg900 kg Nili Fossae Trough E MargaritiferJezero Crater NE Syrtis Mawrth Vallis SW Melas Basin MSL Chute High Mach Chute Holden

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Latitude and Opportunity Impacts to Surface Performance 12 McLaughlin Holden Jezero NE Syrtis SW Melas E Margaritifer Mawrth Nili Fossae Maximum Drive Distance [km] Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. +

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 13 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. M2020 CDF 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 14 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 15 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 16 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 17 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 18 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics ClustersFrequency 79.0% 9.4% 7.0% 3.7% 0.5% 0.2% 1B 2B 1A 1C 2A 2C 2D 2E 1B 2B 1B 1A 1B 1C 1A 2D 2B 2C 2E 2A

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 19 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics 1A 2B SRL CDF

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Revisit Traverse Analysis for SRL 20 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. 1.Simulate M Identify ROIs visited 3.Cluster ROIs for analysis 4.Identify revisit cases 5.Simulate each SRL revisit 6.Combine statistics ClustersFrequency 79.0% 9.4% 7.0% 3.7% 0.5% 0.2% 1B 2B 1B 1A 1B 1C 1A 2D 2B 2C 2E 2A

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Drive Distance Results 21 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only. Site 95th Percentile Drive + 30% for "Real" Driving SRL Relative to M2020 M2020 SRL OneWay 2nd ROI SRL OneWay All ROIs SRL RoundTrip 2nd ROI SRL RoundTrip All ROIs SRL OneWay 2nd ROI SRL OneWay All ROIs SRL RoundTrip 2nd ROI SRL RoundTrip All ROIs Holden [27S] Jezero [18N] Mawrth [24N] McLaughlin Crater [22N] E Margaritifer Terra [6S] NE Syrtis Major [18N] Nili Fossae Trough [21N] SW Melas [10S] Site Maximum Driving Capability [km] (1 Mars Year or Full Life) RTG SolarFetch (One-Way) Holden [27S] > Jezero [18N] > >25 Mawrth [24N] > McLaughlin Crater [22N] > E Margaritifer Terra [6S] >25 NE Syrtis Major [18N] > >25 Nili Fossae Trough [21N] > SW Melas [10S] >25 Site Maximum Driving [Fraction of Requirement] (1 Mars Year or Full Life) RTG SolarFetch Holden [27S]> Jezero [18N]> >2 Mawrth [24N]> McLaughlin Crater [22N]> E Margaritifer Terra [6S]>2 NE Syrtis Major [18N]> >2 Nili Fossae Trough [21N]> SW Melas [10S]>2 All results are preliminary Many assumptions Assumes no EDL accuracy improvements

Mars Formulation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Drive Distances Plot 22 Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.