Bellringer You have learned that forces account for changes in the motion of objects. Using what you have learned, explain what happens in the following.

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Presentation transcript:

Bellringer You have learned that forces account for changes in the motion of objects. Using what you have learned, explain what happens in the following situation. An ice skater holding a basketball is standing on the surface of a frozen pond. The skater throws the ball forward. At the same time, the skater slides on the ice in the opposite direction.

Bellringer, continued 1. Is the force on the ball greater than, less than, or equal to the opposite force on the skater? Explain your answer. 2. Is the acceleration of the ball greater than, less than, or equal to the acceleration of the skater? (Hint: Remember Newton’s Second Law.) Explain your answer.

SPS8.b Apply three of Newton’s Laws to everyday situations by explaining the following:

Inertia Relationship between force, mass and acceleration Equal and opposite forces

EQ: How do Newton’s Laws of motion explain motion?

Action and Reaction Forces What happens when an object exerts a force on another object?

12-3-1 Action and Reaction Forces Newton’s third law states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force equal in size and opposite in direction on the first object.

12-3-2 Action and Reaction Forces, continued Forces and objects always occur in pairs.

12-3-3 Action and Reaction Forces, continued For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

12-3-4 Action and Reaction Forces, continued Forces in a force pair do not act on the same object.

How do you calculate the momentum of an object?

12-3-5 Momentum For movement along a straight line, momentum is calculated by multiplying an object’s mass and velocity.

12-3-6 Momentum momentum = mass x velocity or p = mv

12-3-7 Momentum, continued momentum: quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object

SI units of momentum = kilograms times meters per second (kg•m/s). 12-3-8 Momentum, continued SI units of momentum = kilograms times meters per second (kg•m/s).

Momentum and velocity are in the same direction. 12-3-9 Momentum, continued Momentum and velocity are in the same direction.

Momentum increases as mass and velocity increase. 12-3-10 Momentum, continued Momentum increases as mass and velocity increase.

12-3-11 Momentum, continued As the period of time of the momentum’s change becomes longer, the force needed to cause this change in momentum becomes smaller.

Conservation of Momentum What is the total momentum after objects collide?

12-3-14 Conservation of Momentum The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of two or more objects after a collision is the same as it was before the collision.