11-19Stand alone 9-16Walk without support 9-17Stand on 1 leg 11-21Climbs (chairs, etc.) 13-17Walk backward 14-22Run 16-30Walk on tiptoes 17-30Jump in place 22-36Walk up & down stairs
7-15 Hold writing instrument (i.e. –crayon) 8-16 Coordinate actions of both hands Build tower of 2 blocks Scribble Feed self with spoon Build tower of 3-4 blocks Draw straight line on paper Brush teeth Build tower of 8-10 blocks Copy circle
Between 18 & 30 months of age Key Signs: Staying “dry” for 1-2 hrs. per day Regular bowel movements (at same time each day) Increased anticipation of the event (expressed through looks or words) Interest in the toilet Asking to use the toilet Asking to wear underwear instead of diaper
Autonomy- a sense of self governing or personal control over their immediate environment; Defiance & negative responses from the toddler are typical (resisting parental boundaries or “control”)
Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 mos) The child intentionally tries an action out, to see what the effects will be (performed repeatedly) Examples? Text: Little Scientists (i.e. – Twins & flushing toilet)
Mental Representations (18-24 mos.) Child first thinks about the possibilities & selects the action which most likely to achieve the desired outcome
Language: are mental representations we have of objects, people, actions, & ideas Text: Lucienne & matchbox w/ chain in it Piano Pavo real Paddle board Lacrosse
Learning Theory: B.F. Skinner Behavior Ecology Theory: Noam Chomsky Praise/reward influences the development of language. Training by parents is necessary for language acquisition. Utterances are learned through imitation… Children are active learners of language. Parents do not have to train their child to learn language Rules of sentence structure cannot be taught to children in order to acquire language…
Cooing- birth – 2-6 mos.; 1 vowel sound; “oooo” Babbling- emerges at 6 mos; string 2 + sounds; “papapa” 2 min 9 sec
Private speech - children talk to themselves in a self-guiding & self-directing way a) First aloud b) Then internally Used to work through new concepts & experiences a) (i.e.) – how a toy works: “this goes there”, or b) (i.e. ) - social experiences: “I share”