Section 1.2: Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

What is Matter? Matter is anything that has MASS and VOLUME Mass: the amount of matter in an object and is measured in grams (g) – different from weight Volume: the space an object occupies (Eg: mL & cm3)

Physical Properties Physical Properties are those that describe what something is like and usually can help you identify the substance. It is what you observe with your five senses and doesn’t involve it interacting with anything else.

Physical Properties Hardness A measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched Eg. Diamond is hard and chalk is soft

Physical Properties State Is the substance a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature Eg. Metal is solid, milk is liquid and helium is a gas

States of Matter Solid: has a definite shape and a definite volume Liquid: takes the shape of the container it’s in and has a definite volume Gas: takes the shape of it’s container and indefinite volume

Physical Properties Malleability The ability to be hammered or bent into different shapes Eg. Aluminum is malleable and glass is brittle

Physical Properties Ductility The ability to be pulled into wires Eg. Copper is ductile and coal is not

Physical Properties Melting Point & Boiling Point M.P. when a solid turns into a liquid & B.P. when a liquid turns into a gas Eg. Water at 0°C & 100°C

Physical Properties Crystal Form Solid mineral structure with a regular pattern of 3D shapes Eg. Salt is crystal but plastic is not

Physical Properties Solubility The ability to dissolve in a solvent such as water Eg. Salt is soluble in water and pepper is not

Physical Properties Viscosity A measure of how easily a liquid flows Eg. Maple syrup is more viscous than milk

Physical Properties Density The amount of matter (mass) per unit volume of substance Eg. Lead is more dense than feathers

Calculating Density Since density is a calculation involving mass and volume, the formula works with those 2 variables as well The formula to calculate density is Density = Mass Volume Eg. Mass of an object is 30g and it’s volume is 6cm3 so 30g ÷ 6cm3= 5.0g/cm3 The density of the object is 5 grams per centimeter cubed.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are those that describe how something acts or reacts while becoming a new substance. The substance is changing because of how another substance is affecting it and it always causes the substance to change.

Chemical Properties Combustibility The ability to react rapidly with oxygen and release heat and light energy Eg. Gasoline is combustible and water is not

Chemical Properties The ability to react with acid and produce a gas Reaction with Acid The ability to react with acid and produce a gas Eg. baking soda reacts with acid and makes gas and bubbles and gold does not