© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Third Edition Chapter 7 Under the Windows Desktop McGraw-Hill

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Learning Outcomes Define the role of the registry in Windows, and back up and modify the registry when needed Describe the Windows startup process Install and manage device drivers Troubleshoot common Windows problems

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Understanding the Registry The Registry Defined – Database of configuration settings for Device drivers Services Installed application programs Operating system components User Preferences

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Understanding the Registry Automatic Registry Changes when: – Windows starts up or shuts down – Windows Setup runs – Changes are mode through a Control Panel applet – A new device is installed – Any changes are made to the Windows configuration – Any changes are made to a user’s preferences – An application is installed or modified – Changes are made to application user preferences

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Adding a new device creates changes in the registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry Files (hives) – DEFAULT – NTUSER.DAT – SAM – SECURITY – SOFTWARE – SYSTEM

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry file locations – C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG All but NTUSER.DAT

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Figure 7-1 This view of the CONFIG folder shows registry files

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry File Descriptions – SYSTEM What to load at startup Order of loading at startup Settings for drivers, services, OS components – SOFTWARE Settings for installed software Other configuration information – SECURITY Security policies

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry File Descriptions – SAM Security Accounts Manager Local security accounts database – DEFAULT User profile settings Used when no user is logged on Logon screen

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Registry File Descriptions – NTUSER.DATA User profile for a single user Application preferences, screen colors, and more After a user logs on, that user’s NTUSER.DAT is loaded Saved in top-level personal folder for the user Hidden file

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Figure 7-2 The default user profile used until a user logs on

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Table 7-1 Locations of the Hives within the Registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Viewing and Editing the Registry – View and edit the registry with REGEDIT.EXE – Navigation similar to Windows Explorer – Key: a folder containing settings and other keys – Root keys: five keys at the top of the hierarchy – Value entry: settings within a key – Data type: format of a value entry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Figure 7-3 The registry root keys

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Figure 7-4 Registry components

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Table 7-2 Contents of Registry Root Keys

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Table 7-3 Windows Registry Data Types (The Short List)

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Understanding the Registry (cont.) Backing up the Registry – Create a Restore Point Backs up the registry and the entire OS – Use REDEGIT to back up all or a portion Use Export Registry File option Double-click on the.REG file to restore

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Step-by-Step 7.01 Creating a Restore Point in System Restore Understanding the Registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Back up a registry key and all its subkeys and values

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 The Windows Startup Process Phases of the Startup Process – Power-on Self-test – Initial Startup – Boot Loader Windows XP Boot Loader Phase – NTLDR reads BOOT.INI Windows Vista and Windows 7 Boot Loader Phase – BOOTMGR (boot loader) reads BCD – WINLOAD.EXE is OS loader – Detect and Configure Hardware

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 The Windows Startup Process Phases of the Startup Process (cont.) – Kernel Loading NTOSKRNL.EXE loads into memory Hardware abstraction layer (HAL) loads System portion of the registry loads Drivers required at startup load Kernel initializes services and drivers and loads other code Kernel switches Windows to GUI mode CSRSS.EXE user-mode code starts PAGEFILE.SYS created and WINLOGON.EXE started

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 This Windows 7 screen displays during kernel loading

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 The Windows Startup Process Phases of the Startup Process (cont.) – Logon User Logon Program Startup Plug and Play Detection

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Figure 7-5 Log on to Windows 7

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 The Windows Startup Process Modifying System Startup – Modifying System Startup for Windows XP BOOT.INI must be modified directly or indirectly System Properties | Advanced | Startup and Recovery

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Figure 7-6 The Advanced System Settings in Windows XP

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 The Windows Startup Process BOOT.INI for a Dual-boot System [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS=”Windows XP Professional”/fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT=”Windows 2000 Professional”/fastdetect

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 The Windows Startup Process Simple BOOT.INI [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS=”Windows XP Professional”/fastdetect

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 The Windows Startup Process Modifying System Startup for Windows Vista and Windows 7 – Boot configuration database (BCD) is a hidden part of the registry C:\BOOT\BCD Contains – Locale information – Location of the boot disk – Location of the Windows files – Other startup information

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 The Windows Startup Process Modifying System Startup for Windows Vista and Windows 7 – Directly edit BDC using BCDEDIT – Modify in Startup and Recovery dialog

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 Step-by-Step 7.02 Modifying System Startup for Windows 7 Understanding the Registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Finding Device Drivers – In addition to drivers that are available on the Windows distribution CD, you can find more current drivers: On the disc that came with the device On the Web site of the manufacturer of the device

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 Figure 7-7 A list of drivers for a device

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Installing Device Drivers – Windows comes with a huge cache of device drivers – Windows and virtually all devices for PCs are plug and play – Some devices require that you install the driver before connecting the device – Always read the instructions

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Installing Device Drivers (cont.) – Permissions Administrator privileges to install – An administrator must log on for Windows XP – Respond to UAC prompts in Windows Vista and Windows 7

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 38 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Installing Device Drivers (cont.) – Signed versus Unsigned Device Drivers Code signing an encrypted digital signature in the file Driver signing is code signing of device driers

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Managing Installed Devices – Disconnecting Devices Does not uninstall driver Use Safely Remove Hardware for storage devices The Windows XP Safely Remove Hardware icon

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 Figure 7-9 Safely Remove Hardware dialog box

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 Figure 7-10 Select Safely Remove Hardware from the hidden icons

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 42 Figure 7-11 Select the device you wish to disconnect

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 Figure 7-12 Now it is safe to disconnect the hardware

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Managing Installed Devices (cont.) – Devices and Printers – Overview of most obvious devices – Access to tools for each device

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 Figure 7-13 The Devices and Printers page

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 Figure 7-14 The Device Stage page for a printer

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 47 Installing and Managing Device Drivers Managing Installed Devices (cont.) – Using Device Manager to Manage Device Drivers View and change device properties Update device drivers Configure Device settings Uninstall devices Roll back driver update

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 Step-by-Step 7.03 Getting to Know Device Manager Understanding the Registry

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 Troubleshooting Windows Problems Troubleshooting with Modified Startups – The Advanced Boot Options Menu Repair Your Computer (Windows 7 Only) Startup Repair System Restore System Image Recovery Windows Memory Diagnostic Command Prompt – Safe Mode (three variants)

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 Figure 7-15 The Windows Advanced Options Menu for Windows XP

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 Figure 7-16 The Windows Vista Advanced Boot Options Menu

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 Figure 7-17 The Windows 7 Advanced Boot Options Menu

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 Troubleshooting Windows Problems Troubleshooting with Modified Startups – The Advanced Boot Options Menu (cont.) Safe Mode (three variants) (cont.) – Safe Mode — loads only basic, non-vendor-specific drivers – Safe Mode with Networking — like Safe Mode, but with network support – Safe Mode with Command Prompt — Safe Mode with only a command prompt as a user interface Enable Boot Logging

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 54 Troubleshooting Windows Problems Troubleshooting with Modified Startups – The Advanced Boot Options Menu (cont.) Enable Low-Resolution Video Last Known Good Configuration Directory Services Restore Mode Debugging Mode — very advanced (may be obsolete) Disable Automatic Restart on System Failure Disable Driver Signature Enforcement Start Windows Normally Reboot (Windows XP only) Return to OS Choices Menu (Multi-Boot Only)

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 55 Step-by-Step 7.04 Using Windows in Safe Mode Troubleshooting Windows Problems

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 56 Troubleshooting Windows Problems Troubleshooting with Modified Startups (cont.) – Troubleshooting with System Configuration Utility (MSCONFIG) Executable name: MSCONFIG GUI tool Temporarily modifies system startup for testing scenarios

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 57 Figure 7-18 System Configuration (MSCONFIG) lets you test startup scenarios

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 58 Troubleshooting Windows Problems Troubleshooting Device Problems – Device manager shows a yellow exclamation mark next to a device with a problem – Problems include hardware, driver, or the ability of the OS to automatically configure it – For more information double-click the device icon to open Properties – The Device Status box may recommend an action, such as updating – Check out Driver page for a device

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 59 Figure 7-19 A problem with a device

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 60 Figure 7-20 The Device status box will describe the problem and recommend action to solve it

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 61 Figure 7-21 After installing the device driver, Windows places the device under the Network Infrastructure Device category

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 62 Figure 7-22 The Roll Back Driver button is active only after a driver update

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 63 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.1 Understanding the Registry – The registry is a database of all configuration settings in Windows. Avoid directly editing the registry, because you can cause severe damage. The Control Panel applets provide a safe way to edit the registry.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 64 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.1 Understanding the Registry (cont.) – Windows creates the registry during setup and modifies it any time a setup or installation program runs after that, and during startup and shutdown. Windows also modifies it anytime it installs a device driver and whenever it configures any application, Windows component, or device.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.1 Understanding the Registry (cont.) – Most of the registry is in several files, called hives. They include SYSTEM, SOFTWARE, SECURITY, SAM, DEFAULT, and NTUSER.DAT. These are the permanent portions of the registry. – You view the registry in a hierarchical folder structure in Registry Editor.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 66 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.1 Understanding the Registry (cont.) – A key is a folder object that can contain one or more sets of settings as well as other keys. – There are five top-level keys, or root keys. – A key that exists within another key is called a subkey. – Settings within a key are value entries. Each value entry has a name, type, and data.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 67 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.2 The Windows Startup Process – The phases of the Windows startup process are: Power-on self-test (POST), Initial startup, Boot loader, Detect and configure hardware, Kernel loading, and Logon.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 68 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.2 The Windows Startup Process (cont.) – If necessary, modify system startup using the Startup and recovery page in System Properties. You can also modify the BOOT.INI (Windows XP) and BCD (Windows Vista/ Windows 7) files directly to modify startup, but only very advanced techs should do this.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 69 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.3 Installing and Managing Device Drivers – A device driver is program code, created by the device manufacturer, that allows an OS to control a physical device. Look for device drivers on the disk or CD that comes with a device or at the Web site of the manufacturer.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 70 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.3 Installing and Managing Device Drivers – You need Administrator privileges to install any device driver in Windows. – Once a device is installed, a standard user may disconnect and reconnect the device without restriction—the driver will not be uninstalled.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 71 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.3 Installing and Managing Device Drivers – Code signing exists to avoid problems caused by badly written code. It involves a digital signature, provided by Microsoft as a seal of approval of program code.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 72 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.3 Installing and Managing Device Drivers – Always read the manufacturer’s documentation, and follow the instructions before attempting to install a device driver, whether it is plug-and-play or not.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 73 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.3 Installing and Managing Device Drivers – When an administrator installs or connects a plug-and-play device to a Windows computer, the computer will automatically detect the device, and install and configure the driver with little or no interaction from the user, except to provide the device driver disk if requested.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 74 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.3 Installing and Managing Device Drivers – Plug-and-play devices connected to USB or IEEE 1394 (FireWire) can be disconnected without restarting Windows, but you should use the Safely Remove Hardware applet before disconnecting. – Device manager is the Windows tool for managing and troubleshooting device problems.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 75 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.4 Troubleshooting Windows Problems – Windows offers a variety of startup options, and some are well suited for troubleshooting. These include the Advanced Boot Options menu and the System Configuration utility. Both allow you to select from several options for restarting Windows.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 76 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.4 Troubleshooting Windows Problems – Device Manager is the primary tool for troubleshooting device problems. A yellow exclamation mark on a device in Device manager indicates a problem. Open the properties dialog box to see an explanation.

© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 77 Chapter 7 Summary LO 7.4 Troubleshooting Windows Problems – Use Device Manager to uninstall, update, and remove device drivers. You can also use it to disable a device without removing the driver.