Chapter 11: Emotional Development Human Growth & Development

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Psychosocial Stages pages 404 – 407 Two Column Notes 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler): 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool): 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (Elementary Years): 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood): 7. Generativity Years: (Middle Age): 8. Integrity vs. Despair (Retirement Years):

Psychosocial Stages pages Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy): Depends on caregiver’s reliability in providing attention to infant’s needs. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler): Toddlers learn to do by themselves unless caretaker does too much for them and they then doubt themselves. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool): Undertake activities independently unless discouraged and then they develop guilt about acting inappropriately. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (Elementary Years): Willing to work hard unless not meeting adult’s expectations and then feel inferior.

Psychosocial Stages 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Who they are and where they are heading 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood): Form reciprocal relationship with Others 7. Generativity Years: (Middle Age): Productivity or stagnation for lack of 8. Integrity vs. Despair (Retirement Years): Looks back on life

THREE MAJOR STAGES OF EMOTION Attachment Attachment Emotion Emotion Temperament and Personality Temperament and Personality

ATTACHMENT An enduring emotional tie uniting one person to another

ATTACHMENT Begins to develop during infancy All ages require a NEED FOR RELATEDNESS – fundamental need to feel socially connected to, and loved and respected by, other people The need is more vital and the effects more far-reaching for infants and toddlers

Attachment Facts Care for infants in a warm, sensitive environment. Care for infants in a warm, sensitive environment. Give children time to adjust to you. Give children time to adjust to you. Model affectionate care-giving for family members. Model affectionate care-giving for family members. Encourage multiple attachments. Encourage multiple attachments. Seek professional guidance when attachment problems are present. Seek professional guidance when attachment problems are present.

Emotion physiological and psychological response to an event that is personally relevant to one’s needs and goals.

Anger

Emotion Begins to develop during early childhood Ability to express, cope, and understand change with age Expression and control could depend on gender, family, and culture Characterizes several types of disorders

Emotion Facts Gender Differences: Biologically some differences but socially reinforced. Gender Differences: Biologically some differences but socially reinforced. (Little boys more aggressive and parents discourage this for little girls.) (Little boys more aggressive and parents discourage this for little girls.) Family and Cultural Differences: (China and Japan children shy vs. Zambia where kids smile and are social) Family and Cultural Differences: (China and Japan children shy vs. Zambia where kids smile and are social) Socio-Economic Differences: Low-income children prone to more emotional difficulties BUT so are Middle and High Income children. (can’t live up to expectation) Socio-Economic Differences: Low-income children prone to more emotional difficulties BUT so are Middle and High Income children. (can’t live up to expectation)

Emotional Problems Depression (sad) Depression (sad) Anxiety Disorders (worry) Anxiety Disorders (worry) Conduct Disorders (little guilt over wrong doing) Conduct Disorders (little guilt over wrong doing) What do we Do? 1. Show interest in their well being. 2. Teach social skills. 3. Provide extra structure. 4. Set limits for behavior. 5. Give them a sense that they have some control. 6. Be alert for signs of suicide.

TEMPERAMENT AND PERSONALITY The distinctive ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling

Temperament and Personality Becomes more defined during early adolescence Help us understand how individuals will respond to emotions, form attachments, and act in social settings Very complex

Textbook page 419 Jeremy Fit

Crackpot Friend Crackpot Friend

Textbook page 434