CH 11 Sec 2 A New Kind of War Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Stalemate on the Western Front The Schlieffen Plan fails: 1. Russia mobilized more quickly than expected. 2. Sept. 1914 British & French troops pushed German troops back in the 1st Battle of Marne. Stalemate on the Western Front is the result. A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other. Battle lines in France would remain almost unchanged for 4 years. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Tanks-Britain introduced the 1st armored tank in 1916. New Technology Machine Guns Tanks-Britain introduced the 1st armored tank in 1916. Airplanes-Used at first mainly for reconnaissance (spying)-”dogfights” would follow. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Poison Gas-blinded, choked, or caused extremely painful blisters & burns (could be fatal) Soldier in Gas Mask Soldier who has Lost the top 3 layers Skin due to gas. British response to Germany’s use of gas. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
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Submarines-German perfected the use of U-boats. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
New Hazards in War The new weapons & tactics in WWI led to horrific injuries & hazards. Due to trench warfare soldiers were surrounded by filth, lice, rats & polluted water that caused dysentery. They suffered from lack of sleep & suffered from “shell-shock.” They inhaled poison gas & the smell of decaying bodies. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Physical Problems Trench foot (caused by standing in cold wet trenches for long periods of time). Led to your toes rotting off. Trench Mouth was also common - a painful infection of the mouth & gums. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Do trench warfare journals ppt Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Other Fronts Russia being the least industrialized of the great powers was losing to Germany (Eastern Front)-still they continued to send masses of troops into battle. More countries join in: *1915-Bulgaria joins the CP *1916-Romania joins the Allies *1915-Italy first declares war on A-H then on Germany Romania wants to get some land in Hungary The allies had a secret treaty to give Italy some Austrian lands ruled by Italians. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire joined the Central powers in late October of 1914. The Turks then cut off important supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles. The Allies responded by sending a massive force of British, Indian, Australian, & New Zealand troops to try to open the strait - Battle of Gallipoli. Turkish troops trapped the Allies against the beach-after 10 months of fighting & 200,000 casualties the Allies gave up. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
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Turkish Troops at Rest during WWI Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
OE Cont’d Turkey was also fighting Russia in the Caucus Mountains. As the Russians advanced in 1914 some Christian Armenians joined them-this led to the deportation of the Armenians. Armenian Genocide: During this deportation between 600,000 to 1.5 million Armenians died. On a 3rd Front (Arab Land) an Arab Nationalists, Husayn ibn Ali, led a Revolt against Ottoman Rule. Britain sent T.E. Lawrence to help w/the revolt (Lawrence of Arabia) First time the word genocide used 5 Eventually the Turks would lose a great deal of land, including Baghdad. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
Caucasian (kô-kā’zhən) is commonly used as an adjective to describe people from racial groups characterized by white skin, especially ones with European origin. This meaning was coined by German anthropologist Johann Blumenbach since the Caucasus Mountains (located close to the Black Sea) are homeland for most of the white races. Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11
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Lawrence Of Arabia Ch 11 Sec 2 12 1 11