Macrom olecules. Macromolecular Structure Monomer Monomer  Single molecule used as building block  Assembles polymers via dehydration (condensation)

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Presentation transcript:

Macrom olecules

Macromolecular Structure Monomer Monomer  Single molecule used as building block  Assembles polymers via dehydration (condensation) COH H H HCOH H H H Dehydration 1.H and OH are removed 2.Monomers bond

Macromolecular Structure Polymer Polymer  Breaks down into smaller polymers or monomers via hydrolysis C OH H H HCOH H H H Hydrolysis 1.Molecules separate 2.Water lyses and occupies open bonds

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides Carbohydrate monomers Carbohydrate monomers (CH 2 O) n (CH 2 O) n

Polysaccharides Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage Identity depends on… Identity depends on…  Monomers and glycosidic linkage angle (3-D shape)

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides Starch Starch Glycogen Glycogen Cellulose Cellulose Chitin Chitin

Lipids

Fatty Acids Saturated Saturated  Maximum H’s  No C=C bonds Unsaturated Unsaturated  Less than maximum H’s  C=C bonds

Triglycerides (triacylgycerols) Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids Glycerol + 3 Fatty acidsCarboxyl Hydroxyl

Triglycerides (and variants) (triacylgycerols) Cell membranes Cell membranes Oils used in plant seeds Oils used in plant seeds Adipose tissue Adipose tissue

Steroids Four fused carbon rings Four fused carbon rings Hormones, venoms Hormones, venoms

Proteins

Functions

R Primary Structure Amino acid sequence Amino acid sequence  20 different kinds  Groups Amino Amino Carboxyl Carboxyl Radical Radical CC O OH H H N H Varies

Amino Acids

Primary Structure Polypeptide Polypeptide  Chain of amino acids CC O OH H H N H CC O OH H H N H R Peptide Bond R

Complex Structure 2o2o 3o3o 4o4o

Denaturation Environmental factors can disrupt 2 o, 3 o, or 4 o structure Environmental factors can disrupt 2 o, 3 o, or 4 o structure

Nucleic Acids

Phosphodiester Linkage

Nitrogen Bases

Protein Synthesis

Which Category? 1.Nonpolar 2.Phosphodiester 3.Branched helices 4.Chitin 5.Radical group 6.Nitrogen base 7.Ester linkage 8.Disulfide bridge 9.Steroid 10.Peptidoglycan 11.5’ and 3’ ends

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