1. Jacques-Louis David 2. Joseph Mallord William Turner 3. Claude Monet 4. Vincent van Gogh 5. Pablo Picasso a) Postimpressionism b) Classicism c) Cubism d) Romanticism e) Impressionism Warm-up: Artist Matchup

Part 5: Culture Romanticism Realism Impressionism

Romanticism ► Emphasis on feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing ► Valued individualism and uniqueness of a person ► Revived medieval architecture ► Attracted to the exotic and unfamiliar

Romantic Authors, Painters & Musicians ► Mary Shelley (A) ► Edgar Allan Poe (A) ► Eugene Delacroix (P) ► Ludwig von Beethoven (M)

Romantic Authors, Painters & Musicians ► Romantics viewed poetry as a direct expression of the soul ► Love of nature ► Art was a reflection of artist’s inner feelings ► Delacroix expressed exotic and passionate colors ► Beethoven’s music reflected his deepest inner feelings

A New Age of Science ► New material benefits, often provided by science and technology, led Europeans to have more faith in science  Louis Pasteur: proposed the germ theory of disease  Charles Darwin: published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ► Natural Selection – Survival of the fittest ► Some people objected – What about moral values, where do they fit in? ► Some people objected because they felt his theories denied God’s role in creation Microbiologist – invented pasteurization Naturalist – Scientific Theory of Evolution

Realism ► Belief that the world should be viewed realistically ► Literary and Artistic movements develop  Rejected romanticism  Wanted to write about the ordinary life and social issues Charles Dickens (A) – Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist, Great Expectation, Christmas Carol Gustave Courbet (P) – Self Portrait

New Forms of Leisure ► Amusement Parks  Ferris Wheel and Roller Coaster ► Organized Sports  1860s: Firefighters and Policemen formed Baseball Clubs ► Dance Halls ► Movies  Nickelodeons (short movies for 5¢) 1 st organized team, New York Knickerbockers, founded by Alexander Cartwright 1 st Ferris Wheel showcased at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair

Revolution in the Arts & Sciences ► New Physics: Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity ► Marie Curie: discovered radium as a source of energy (used in the treatment of cancers) ► Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis  Therapist would use the patient’s unconscious thoughts (repressed) to heal the conscious mind (unrepressed)  “Freudian Slip”: saying what your thinking that your not saying

► Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest is now used in business and nationalism  Example: some Germans believed they were the only pure successors of the Aryans  Nationalist feelings led to Anti-Semitist movement ► Hostility and discrimination against Jews ► Pogroms: organized massacres Revolution in the Arts & Sciences

“Modern” Culture ► Literature: explored issues such as the role of women in society, alcoholism, and the problems of urban slums ► Painting: Impressionism (un- realism) emerges with the invention of photography  Monet, van Gogh, Picasso, etc. ► Architecture: became functional  Frank Lloyd Wright

Renoir

Monet

Vincent van Gogh