Reported Speach.

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Presentation transcript:

Reported Speach

Application We apply the reported speech, when we are handing someone's statement over indirectly, not quoting for her directly.

Structure of the reported speech A sequence of tenses is appearing in the reported speech, that is we are moving back for the time for the back towards the time used in the direct speech. Determinations of the time are also changing towards turning over in the direct speech: now - » then ago - » before next - » the following, the next today - » that day tonight - » that night tomorrow - » the next day, the following day this week - » that week next month - » the month after, the following month yesterday - » the day before, the previous day three days ago - » three days before last week - » the week before, the previous week

Examples of the sequence of tenses Present Simple -» Past Simple Ann said: "I wake up at 7 o’clock everyday". Ann said (that) she woke up at 7 o’clock everyday. Present Continuous -» Past Continuous My uncle said: "My wife is preparing breakfast at this moment". My uncle said his wife was preparing breakfast at that moment. Past Simple -» Past Perfect He said: "We were in the cinema yesterday". He said they had been in the cinema the day before. Past Continuous -» Past Perfect Continuous Mark said: "I was watching TV last evening". Mark said he had been watching TV the previous evening. Future Simple -» Future Simple in the Past Our Dad said: "I will buy this vacuum for us". Our Dad said he would buy that vacuum for us. Future Continuous -» Future Continuous in the Past He said: "I will be working in the afternoon". He said he would be working in the afternoon. Present Perfect -» Past Perfect She said: "I have won 1000 PLN". She said she had won 1000 PLN. Present Perfect Continuous-» Past Perfect Continuous I said: "I have been learning here for three years." I said I had been learning there for three years. I okres warunkowy -» II okres warunkowy He said: "I will go to the beach if it is hot today again". He said (that) he would go to the beach if it was hot that day again.

A sequence of tenses isn't: in case of the past perfect tense Past Perfect My daughter said: "I had done my homework two hours earlier". My daughter said she had done her homework two hours earlier. Past Perfect Continuous He said: "I had been digging in the garden then". He said he had been digging in the garden then. in 0, II and III conditional period.

Modal verbs The part of modals is changing in reported clauses, and we will leave the part unchanged: will -» would would -» would can -» could could -» could shall -» should should -» should may -» might might -» might

Questions In the reported speech they are accepting the form of the indicative sentence, however the principle of the sequence of tenses remains kept. In case of general questions we apply the word "if" or "whether", whereas in detailed questions we will leave the pronoun asking without changes. Examples: Carol asked me: "Do you like pop music?" Carol asked me if I liked pop music. I asked my mother: "What did you buy for supper today?" I asked my mother what she had bought for supper that day.