Chikungunya Rapid Test OnSite Chikungunya Rapid Test

Chikungunya is a relatively rare form of viral fever ("debilitating non-fatal viral illness." ) caused by an alpha virus that is spread by mosquito bites from the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

Virus classification Group: Group IV ((+) ssRNA) Family: Togaviridae Genus: Alphavirus AGENT VECTOR Aedes aegypti mosquito HOST ENVIRONMENT

AEDES MOSQUITOES Household container breeders Breeds in clean water In all stored water for drinking, washing and bathing Rainwater collected in unused materials like coconut shells, mud pots, plastic cups, tyres etc Aggressive day time Bite Major period of activity – sunrise and sunset

BREEDING SOURCES

ENVIRONMENT Population explosion Deforestation Global warming Floods Competition for food fast movement of population

SYMPTOMS Fever Which Can Reach 39°C, (102.2 °F) Petechial or Maculopapular Rash Usually Involving the Limbs and Trunk Arthralgia or Arthritis Affecting Multiple Joints Which Can Be Debilitating. Headache, Conjunctival Injection and Slight Photophobia.

TRANSMISSION This virus is transmitted only by mosquitoes The mosquito picks up the virus from an infected person during the viraemic period – within five days from the day of starting of symptoms An infected mosquito will remain infected all its life span and can transmit the virus each time it bites An infected person cannot spread the infection directly to other persons

Is there any vaccine? Currently there is no marketable vaccine available for man Chikungunya confers a life-long immunity on the infected person.

DIAGNOSIS The diagnostic tests include detection of antigens or antibodies in the blood, using Rapid test (IgM Antibody detection) ELISA (or EIA - enzyme immunoassay) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

OnSite Chikungunya IgM Rapid Test-Cassette (Serum / Plasma) The OnSite Chikungunya IgM Rapid Test is a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay based on the principle of the IgM capture assay. The test cassette consists of: A burgundy colored conjugate pad containing CHIK antigens conjugated with colloid gold (CHIK conjugates) and rabbit IgG-gold conjugates, 2) A nitrocellulose membrane strip containing a test band (T band) and a control band (C band). The T band is pre-coated with anti-human M antibody, and the C band is pre-coated with goat anti-rabbit IgG. OnSite Chikungunya IgM Rapid Test-Cassette (Serum / Plasma)

TEST PROCEDURE Step 1: Bring the specimen and test components to room temperature if refrigerated or frozen. Mix the specimen well prior to assay once thawed. Step 2: When ready to test, open the pouch at the notch and remove device. Place the test device on a clean, flat surface. Step 3: Be sure to label the device with specimen’s ID number. Step 4: Fill the pipette dropper with the specimen. Holding the dropper vertically, dispense 1 drop (about 30-45 μL) of specimen into the sample well making sure that there are no air bubbles. Step 5: Then add 1 drop (about 35-50 μL) of Sample Diluent immediately.

Result Step 6: Results can be read in 15 minutes. Positive results can be visible in as short as 1 minute. NEGATIVE RESULT: If only the C band is developed, the test indicates that no . 2. POSITIVE RESULT: If both C and T bands are developed, the test indicates for thepresence of IgM anti-CHIK in the specimen. The result is positive. 3. INVALID: If no C band is developed, the assay is invalid regardless of color development Don’t read result after 15 minutes. To avoid confusion, discard the test device after interpreting the result

1. Comparison of the OnSite CHIK IgM Rapid Test with MAC-ELISA An evaluation study was carried out at Unite de virologie , Institute de Medecine Tropicalede Service de Sante des Armees, Ministere De la Defense, France. The evaluation specimen panel consisted of 72 recently infected specimens diagnosed by MAC-ELISA and 21 specimens containing 10 from other arbovirus infection, 3 from O’Nyong nyong infection, and 8 negative for all the tests. The evaluation data are showedin the following table. OnSite CHIK IgM Rapid Test Relative Sensitivity: 90.3% , Relative Specificity: 100%, Overall Agreement: 92.4%

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS DENGUE WEST NILE FEVER ONYONG NYANG FEVER

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