Cell Factory Cell Energy Cell Cycle Activities of the Cell Cell Factory Cell Energy Cell Cycle

I. The Cell Factory: Protein Production, From Start to Finish =

? DNA  genetic traits

1. Transcription of DNA DNA mRNA T A C T T C G T A C T G A U G A A G C A U G A C

2. Translation of mRNA to protein tRNA with amino acid anticodon U A C U U C G U A C U G A U G A A G C A U G A C mRNA codon

G U A C U G U U C U A C A U G A A G C A U G A C

C U G G U A U A C U U C A U G A A G C A U G A C

C U G U U C G U A A U G A A G C A U G A C

G U A C U G A U G A A G C A U G A C

Note: Translation occurs at the ribosomes of the rough ER

amino acid chart U U G - A A G - C A U - G A C LEUCINE - LYSINE - HISTIDINE - ASPARTIC ACID U U G - A A G - C A U - G A C

gene  mRNA  protein (amino acid chain) Gene expression transcription translation gene  mRNA  protein (amino acid chain)

II. How Does a Cell Obtain Energy From “Food?”

Cellular Respiration + + + 6 O2 6 H2O 36 ATP C6H12O6 6 CO2 oxygen water energy! + 36 ATP C6H12O6 glucose 6 CO2 carbon dioxide

A) Aerobic respiration - the process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose, in the presence of oxygen

occurs at rest, or . . .

when you are bringing it! 

electron transport chain occurs along the cristae of the mitochondria two stages: Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain

Cellular Respiration Starts with . . .

B) Anaerobic respiration -produces ATP by breaking down glucose without oxygen

lactic acid fermentation (e. g lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles, kimchi)

Energy Tally Anaerobic = 2 ATP Aerobic respiration Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport 32 ATP +36 ATP

III. What Are the Stages in the Life of a Cell?

Cell Cycle

G1 cell growth S DNA replicates G2 preparation for cell division

DNA (genetic instructions) A Typical Cell cell membrane nucleus (w/ nuclear membrane) DNA (genetic instructions)

during G1 DNA is in chromatin form (“loose” threads)

before cell division

DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes before cell division DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes

Cell Cycle  Starts here

Cell Cycle

Cell division Cytokinesis (cell splits) 4 Stages of Mitosis (chromosomes separate) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis (cell splits)

telophase anaphase metaphase Stages of Mitosis cytokinesis early prophase late prophase anaphase metaphase

Where should you look in an organism to find mitosis?