4.1 Naming Compounds that contain a Metal and a Nonmetal Chapter 4 Nomenclature 4.1 Naming Compounds that contain a Metal and a Nonmetal Binary Ionic Compound Type I Compounds Cation is always named 1st, and the anion second A simple cation takes its name from the element. A simple anion is named with the root of the element name and adding the suffix –ide. Examples: CsF AlCl3 MgI2 Rb2O SrI2 K2S Chapter 4 Nomenclature 4.1 Naming Compounds that contain a Metal and a Nonmetal Binary Ionic Compound Type I Compounds Cation is always named 1st, and the anion second A simple cation takes its name from the element. A simple anion is named with the root of the element name and adding the suffix –ide. Examples:

Table 4.1

Older nomenclature: the cation with the higher charge ends in –ic Type II Compounds Older nomenclature: the cation with the higher charge ends in –ic the cation with the lower charge ends in –ous. Examples: CuCl CuCl2 Stock system- naming system using Roman numerals in parentheses for the charges; no other suffixes are needed (This is the most commonly used system) CuCl HgO Fe2O3 MnO2 PbCl4 Type II Compounds Older nomenclature: the cation with the higher charge ends in –ic the cation with the lower charge ends in –ous. Examples: Stock system- naming system using Roman numerals in parentheses for the charges; no other suffixes are needed (This is the most commonly used system) Examples

Table 4.2

4.2 Naming Binary Compounds that contain only Nonmetals (Type III) Prefixes: Mono- hexa- Di- hepta- Tri- octa- Tetra- nona- Penta- deca- (Sometimes it is appropriate to eliminate an extra vowel sound: decaoxide to decoxide) Do not use prefix for mono- on 1st element if it is only one. Continue to use suffix –ide on second element name 4.2 Naming Binary Compounds that contain only Nonmetals (Type III) Prefixes: Mono- hexa- Di- hepta- Tri- octa- Tetra- nona- Penta- deca- (Sometimes it is appropriate to eliminate an extra vowel sound: decaoxide to decoxide) Do not use prefix for mono- on 1st element if it is only one. Continue to use suffix –ide on second element name Examples:

Examples: CCl4 NO2 IF5 BF3 NO N2O5 Examples

Figure 4.1: A flow chart for naming binary compounds.

4.4 Naming Compounds that contain Polyatomic Ions YOU MUST MEMORIZE THESE!! Oxyanions: hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate Examples: Na2SO4 KH2PO4 Fe(NO3)3 Mn(OH)2 Na2SO3 Ca(OH)2 Na3PO4 KMnO4 (NH4)2Cr2O7 Co(ClO4)2 KClO3 Ca(NO2)2 4.4 Naming Compounds that contain Polyatomic Ions YOU MUST MEMORIZE THESE!! Oxyanions hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate

Table 4.4

Figure 4.2: Overall strategy for naming chemical compounds.

Binary Acid (no oxygen). Use prefix hydro-, and suffix –ic Examples: 4.5 Naming Acids Binary Acid (no oxygen). Use prefix hydro-, and suffix –ic Examples: HCl HBr HI H2S H2Se HF Tertiary acids (oxygen present) If anion ends in –ite, acid ends in –ous. If anion ends in –ate, acid ends in –ic. Examples:HNO3 HNO2 HC2H3O2 H2SO4 H2SO3 H3PO4 H3PO3 HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4 4.5 Naming Acids Binary Acid (no oxygen) Use prefix hydro-, and suffix –ic Examples: Tertiary acids (oxygen present) If anion ends in –ite, acid ends in –ous. If anion ends in –ate, acid ends in –ic. Examples

4.6 Writing Formulas from Names Criss-cross method (always check that a neutral compound is made) (You cannot reduce subscripts that would change a polyatomic ion) (BUT you should reduce subscripts in other cases) Magnesium oxide tin(II)oxide tin(IV)oxide Examples: potassium hydroxide sodium carbonate Cobalt (III) nitrate calcium chloride lead (IV) oxide Dinitrogen pentoxide ammonium perchlorate Ammonium sulfate vanadium (V) fluoride Disulfur dichloride rubidium peroxide Aluminum oxide 4.6 Writing Formulas from Names Criss-cross method (always check that a neutral compound is made) (You cannot reduce subscripts that would change a polyatomic ion) (BUT you should reduce subscripts in other cases)