ALUMINUM.

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Presentation transcript:

ALUMINUM

Isotopes 27Al , and 26Al 1st Ionization energy 577.5 kj/mol Earth`s crust abundance 8.2 % Common oxidation num. +3 Electron configuration [Ne]3s23p1 Physical state solid Melting point 660.30C Color Silvery white Boiling point 25190C Density 2.7 g/mL

Isolated in1827 by the German chemist F. Woehler. Aluminum comes from the word alumen means bitter taste in Latin. Silvery white, and soft metal, ductile and malleable, Hammered easily into wire, sheet and plate, Conductor of electricity.

Occurrence Third most abundant element in the earth’s crust. The most abundant metal in the earth’s crust. The main aluminum ores are Feldspar, K2Al2Si6O16, Kaolinite, Al2Si2O7.2H2O, Corundum , A12O3, Cryolite, Na3AlF6, Bauxite, Al2O3.2H2O.

Chemical Properties It is an amphoteric metal, reacts with acids, bases and some non metals. It reduces some metal oxides Reacts with dilute HCl and H2SO4 solutions. 2Al(s) + 6HCl(dil.) → 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al(s) + 6H2SO4(dil.) → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 Reacts with strong bases. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 2Al + 6NaOH + 6H2O → 2Na3[Al(OH)6] + 3H2 Reacts with mercury salts 2Al(s) + 3HgCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Hg(s) heat

Reacts with nonmetals at high temperature. 4Al(s) + 3O2 → 2Al2O3 + heat 2Al(s) + 3Br2 → 2AlBr3 + heat Reduces metals from their compounds Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe Cr2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Cr

Compounds Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3 It is called as alumina, white substance. Hard substance Melting point of 2045°C. Almost insoluble in water. Shows amphoteric properties.

Aluminum Hydroxide, Al(OH)3 It is gray precipitate produced from the reaction of aluminum salts with bases. AlCl3 + 3NaOH(aq) → Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl(aq) Aluminum Sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 Aluminum sulfate forms in nature as an important series of alums. Alums have MAl(SO4)2.12H2O, Where M may be Na+, K, NH4+, and Ag+

Uses Aluminum alloys are light, durable, and resistant to corrosion and have high electrical conductivity. Some aluminum alloys are Duralumin (Al, Mg, Cu, Mn), Magnalium (Al, Mg), and Aluminum bronze (Al, Cu).

Aluminum has a wide variety of uses because of its low cost, nice appearance, lightness, good conductivity of heat and electricity as well as a good material for packaging foods.

It is used in buildings, ships, submarines, planes and space technology, and high voltage electrical lines. Aluminum powder is used in camera flashes, dyes, alumina thermo processes, and napalm bombs.