The Cold War

Allies Become Enemies Competing political philosophies – Democracy vs. Communism US upset with Nonaggression Pact USSR blamed Allies for not invading sooner

Yalta Conference Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin 1.Agree to divide Germany into zones 2.Germany have to pay USSR reparations 3.Eastern European countries would have free elections

United Nations New peacekeeping organization USA and USSR join (48 others) New York City Security Council – Power to investigate and settle – 5 permanent memebers Br., China, Fr., US, USSR – Veto power

Differing Goals Differing Goals

Iron Curtain USSR wants buffer from invasion Installs communist gov’t – Albania – Bulgaria – Hungary – Czechoslovakia – Romania – Poland – Yugoslavia Truman protests  Stalin ignores

Europe divided Eastern and Western Europe split Germany divided into East Germany and West Germany – Berlin (in E.G. is split) “Iron Curtain” – Churchill – Democratic West – Communist East

Truman Foreign Policy Containment – Blocking Soviet influence – Stopping expansion of Communism – Forming alliances – Aiding weaker countries resist

Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan – Assistance program to rebuild Western Europe Berlin Airlift – USSR held W. Berlin hostage – Hoped Allies would surrender – 11 months Allies flew in supplies – May, 1949 Soviets admit defeat Lift blockade

World Wide Effects NATO – Western Alliances Warsaw Pact – Eastern Alliance Berlin Wall (1961)