Challenge 9-25  Backdrop: You are an astronaut on a mission to discover a new planet that is almost like Earth. Once there, you have discovered that humans have been for over 20,000 years.  What difficulties would you encounter with the humans you meet? (Describe 6)

Exploring Texas: CORNELL STYLE NOTES

Spain and the Reconquista  Moors, Islamic people from NW Africa, dominated Spain for 800 years  Moors gained control in A.D. 711  Brought wealth to the region  Cities grew into centers of business and learning

Reconquista Completed  Spanish Christians wished to retake their land (God’s will) – Reconquista (reconquest) -800 yrs of struggle  1492 Spanish drove the Moors from Granada  Hundreds of years of war – fighting was a way of life and duty to their faith  Soldiers set out to conquer new lands

Reflection: How would the struggle with the Moors for 800 years affect the Spanish’s outlook on other religions?

Columbus’ Voyage  Turned down by Portugal, then Spain  After the defeat of the Moors, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand V agreed to fund his journey  Spain wanted to look for wealth and glory elsewhere  Promised to find a route to China and India and spread Christianity  1 st voyage landed in the Caribbean  King and queen were pleased with samples of America’s riches – sent other adventurers

52 men onboard  Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

A Global Exchange of Goods and Ideas  Europeans brought new ideas, plants, animals and diseases to the Americas.  Native Americans introduced new ideas, plants, and animals to the Europeans.  Because this exchange began with Columbus, it is called the Columbian Exchange.

52 men onboard  Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

Global Exchange of Goods and

Reflection:  Explain what the reaction all over Europe was with the discovery of North America?  Explain what you think the other countries in Europe are now going to do?

Challenge 9-26  Why was a water route to China so important?  Why was Spain’s position on the European continent important to their wealth, advancement, and trade?  What other routes could Spain used to reach China?

Impact of Columbus’s Voyage  Columbus founded the first Spanish colony in the Americas.  Columbus’s voyages began a lasting contact among the peoples of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.  His voyages marked a turning point in world history.  Colony – A group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by their native land  Turning point – A moment in history that marks a decisive change

Exploration in the Americas  Conquistadors – Spanish conquerors had 3 goals: Gold, Glory, and God  Gold: claim wealth for Spain (pay back debt)  Glory: conquer new lands for Spain  God: spread the Christian faith (did not tolerate other religions)

Cortes and the Aztecs  1519: Hernan Cortes lands in present-day Mexico – Aztec civilization  Aztecs (indigenous = native people) called themselves the Mexica  Spain brought horses, guns, cannons, and armor (unknown to Aztecs)  Spain’s advantages: better weapons and armor; Aztecs thought they were gods, Aztec enemies became allies

Conquest of the Aztecs  Aztec capital – Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico City) had huge temples, enormous markets, floating gardens, zoos, and great amounts of gold, silver, and jewels  Aztec leader – Moctezuma II; welcomed Spanish at first, then drove them away  1521 Spanish conquered them for good

European Explorers ****(1519) Alvarez de PINEDA – searches for a water route to the Pacific Ocean; makes first map of Texas coastline (1519) Hernan CORTES – 300 land in Mexico, uses swords, guns, cannons, horses, allies, and disease to conquer Aztec Empire

**(1542)Cabeza de VACA publishes ‘RELACION’; raises interest in further exploration – hint of wealth in area **(1682) Rene de LA SALLE – looking for Northwest Passage; travelled from Canada to Gulf of Mexico on Mississippi River ***(1684) LA SALLE – goal of building fort at mouth of MS River; Spanish, pirates, shipwreck, builds fort in Texas, La Salle killed by men, rest killed by Karankawas

After Cortes  All of Mexico became the viceroyalty (land that is ruled by an official chosen by a monarch), New Spain - ruled by an official chosen by the monarch- the viceroy  Spread into Central and South America  Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in 1532  European diseases spread (common to them), killing thousands of Indians; they had no immunity (defense)