Propylene Production from Carbon Dioxide Designer: Fatma Al-Turkait Supervised by: Prof.M.Fahim Eng.Yusuf Ismail

Agenda Distillation column design Compressor design Valve design

Distillation column design

Introduction: Distillation unit is used to separate the components by their volatilities (Boiling point Temperature). Objective: To separate CO and CO2 from propane and propene

Types of distillation columns One way of classifying distillation column type is to look at how they are operated. Thus we have: Continuous Columns Batch Columns

Continuous Columns

Batch Columns 1- Regular batch column. 2- It is also possible to locate the feed vessel at the top of a stripping column and to operate the column as an inverted batch column. 3- Middle vessel column

The type of column Internals: Bubble cap trays ,valve trays ,and sieve trays. The best type for our process Is continuous distillation and sieve trays.

Material construction The material chosen for our equipments is carbon steel due to its low cost and ease fabrication . In addition, it resists corrosion.

Main design parameters A- Number of stages B- Dimensions: 1-Diameter 2-Height 3-Tray Design 4-Wier 5-Thickness 6-Cost

A- Minimum and Actual number of stages Calculate vapor pressure of the light and heavy key components by Antoine equation. Where: a, b, c, d, e & f are Antoine Coefficient. (2)Determine the values of liquid-gas constant (K) for both the light and heavy key components. (3)Calculate the average relative volatility of the light key with respect to the heavy key. Where,

(5)Estimate the plate efficiency. Obtain the actual number of stages (4)Obtain the minimum number of stages by Fenske equation (5)Estimate the plate efficiency. Plate efficiency = 0.6 Obtain the actual number of stages

Detailed calculation for Nm,N Open File

Diameter liquid vapor flow rate Correction for surface tension . Correction for surface tension The flooding vapor velocity (m/s).

The actual velocity based on net area. Maximum volumetric flow rate Net area required As first trial take down comer area as %12 of the total column cross sectional area A@12% = net area required / 0.88

Column diameter

Height H=N*Spacing H=30*.9=27 m

Tray design Column area (m2) Down comer area (m2) The net area (m2) The active area (m2)

weir Ad/Ac=0.21859/1.82*100 =12% Iw/Dc=0.76 Dc=1.522936m Iw=1.157431m

weir height=50mm Hole diameter=5mm Plate thickness=5mm

Check weeping K2=30.9 from graph @ Minimum rate (hw + how) uh=[K2-0.90(25.4-dh)]/g0.5 Actual min vap=145.9 m/s

Downcomer backup hb < .475(.5*(plate spacing +weir height)

Number of holes Area of one holes = Number of holes=Ah/Ahole= Holes on one plate= Numbers of holes/actual number of plates =705.1

Shell thickness Where; t: shell thickness (in) P: internal pressure (psig) ri: internal radius of shell (in) EJ: efficiency of joints S: working stress (psi) Cc: allowance for corrosion (in)

Cost Cost=Vessel cost+ Trays cost+ Reboile Cost+ Condenser unit cost =$ 119800

Continuous distillation Results: T-101 Equipment name Continuous distillation Type After T-100 distillation Location Carbon steel Material of Construction Glass wool Insulation 119800 Cost ($) 10 Number of stages (hysis) 0.9 Tray spacing Sieve tray Type of tray 1.522936 Diameter (m) 10.5 Height (m) 705 Number of Holes

Compressor design

Procedure 1- Select centrifugal compressor (single stage) according to this figure.

1. Calculate the adiabatic head for a compressor(k100) 2. Calculate the adiabatic power for single stage compression. 3. Calculate the adiabatic discharge temperature. 9. Calculate the adiabatic efficiency. =72.02%

Cost K101= 49300 K100= 53800

Specification for compressor K100 Equipment name Centrifugal Compressor, single stage Type After CRV-103/ propylene process Location Carbon steel Material of Construction Glass wool Insulation To increase the pressure of stream 12 objective 49300 Cost $ 8.0757 Power (Hp) 73.693 Efficiency (%) 485.7 (C°) Inlet Temperature 626.1 (C°) Outlet Temperature 14.7 (psia) 44.09 Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure

Equipment name Type Location Carbon steel Insulation Specification for compressor K101 Compressor Equipment name Centrifugal Compressor, single stage Type After V-101/ amine process Location Carbon steel Material of Construction Glass wool Insulation To increase the pressure of stream 1 objective 53800 Cost $ 35.66 Power (Hp) 89.418 Efficiency (%) 25 (C°) Inlet Temperature 695.3 (C°) Outlet Temperature 14.7 (psia) 734.8 Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure

Valve design

Introduction: A valve is a device that regulates the flow of substances either gases, fluidized solids, slurries, or liquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Objective: to reduce the pressure of flow rates.

Main design parameter Valve Type Pipe Diameter Cost

Valve Type globe valve Best Suited Control : Linear and Equal percentage. Recommended Uses:  Throttling service/flow regulation,  Frequent operation. Applications: Liquids, vapors, gases, corrosive substances, slurries . Advantages: 1. Efficient throttling 2. Accurate flow control 3. Available in multiple ports. Disadvantages: 1. High pressure drop 2.More expensive than other valves.

Pipe diameter A=V/v A=2.177E-3 m2 D=(A*4/ )0.5 D=0.526 m

Cost

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