And Reconstruction 1865 through 1877 A time for rebuilding the South and reunifying the country.

Causes of the Civil War  Popular sovereignty and new territories  Dred Scott v. Sanford  Compromise of 1850  Election of 1860  Slavery  Secession

Compare and Contrast  Northern States  Economy and its resources  Government and leaders  Military strategies and generals  Casualties  Southern States  Economy and its resources  Government and leaders  Military strategies and generals  Casualties

Problems after the war:  Unemployment  Starvation  Illiteracy  War torn communities  Homelessness  Hatred and resentment towards Blacks  State governments in the South  Punishment: southern whites  Economic breakdown in southern (agricultural) states

What Would I Do?  What laws would I change or add?  What would I do with southern plantation owners?  What would I do with former Confederate soldiers and other leaders?  What would I do with former slaves?  How could I improve the quality of life in the South?

A Comparison: Plans for Reconstruction  Presidential Plan: Republican  Only Black soldiers were allowed to vote  Ex-Confederates could vote  Planters keep land  Keep Blacks from being citizens  Lenient  States may re-enter Union and were pardoned  Allowed for states to freely govern themselves  Radical Reconstruction Plan: Republican  All Blacks would vote  Disenfranchisement  Planters redistribute land to Blacks  13 th, 14 th, 15 th amendments  Strict  States may re-enter Union only if they wrote new state constitutions giving Blacks equal rights  5 Military Districts

Analyze Amendments  13 th, 14 th and 15 th Amendments, for each…  Read about each amendment  Summarize its purpose  Explain its significance during Reconstruction  List positive and negative (long term or short term) effects.

Landmark Supreme Court Cases  Dred Scott v. Sanford  Plessy v. Ferguson

Reconstruction Collapses  Sharecropping/Tenant Farming  Ku Klux Klan  Literacy tests and other state laws  Southern States went “unchecked” for about 100 years.

1. Black Codes  Laws passed in the Southern states after the Civil War. The laws controlled freedmen and enabled plantation owners to exploit African Americans. (Example: curfews and contract work)

2. Thirteenth Amendment  (1865) Federal law that abolished slavery.

3. Fourteenth Amendment  (1868) Rights of Citizens: this federal law made Blacks citizens….no state can deprive its citizens of life, liberty or property without due process…

4. Fifteenth Amendment  (1870) This federal law prohibits the government from denying a person the right to vote based on race.

5.Military Districts: 1867  Congress enacted this law that divided the southern states into 5 military districts…Each district was assigned a Union general to maintain peace and to protect the rights of Blacks.

6. Freedman’s Bureau  A government program that helped to feed, clothe, and educate Blacks…it also helped to find jobs for them.

7. Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896  In this case the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Plessy…making “separate but equal” state laws legal. It made segregation legal in trains, schools, water fountains, theaters, buses…etc….

8. Ku Klux Klan  A southern secret society organization that terrorized African Americans and anyone else that was sympathetic towards the Blacks.

9. Literacy Tests  Southern state tests designed to keep Blacks from voting….the tests were really really hard!

10. Poll Tax  Southern state laws that required registered voters to pay to vote…kept the poor away from the polls. Texas had a poll tax.

11. Sharecropping  A white plantation owner would provide a Black man and his family with seeds, tools, and a shack to live in. The Blacks would then work the land and grow the crops….then they would sell them and split the earnings….however, Blacks would go in debt with storeowners and could never leave the plantation.