electronic department Photonics-oriented data transmission network for the KM3NeT prototype detector Jelle Hogenbirk, Nikhef )* On behalf of the KM3NeT consortium 1 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. )* Nikhef Electronics departement: Mar van der Hoek, Sander Mos, Jan Willem Schmelling, Jelle Hogenbirk, Gerard Kieft, Henk Peek, Peter Janswijer, Paul Timmer, Albert Zwart, Deepak Gajanana, Ad Berkien, Jan Koopstra., Eric Heine

electronic department Presentation Lay-out 2 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Description of the prototype KM3NeT detection unit Network block diagram of the optical network Optical Test bench Results Next steps

electronic department Configuration prototype KM3NeT detection unit 3 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Detection unit with 20 storeys Two storeys equipped with Digital Optical Modules (DOMs)  In total 4 DOMs connected to shore The prototype optical network will provide unique point-to-point optical connections between the shore and each DOM

electronic department Optical Network data flow 4 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. CW laser array clock/data modulation Optical Amp. Clock/data detect Wavelength Demux Reflective modulator Serialised PMT data λ 1 data detect P out,i = A(λ i ) P in (λ i ) Optical Power Splitting 1 N P out = P in /N1 →i: Waveleng th #i Drop i → 1: Waveleng th #i Add 1 Downstream/ Upstream split Clock/ Data gen. 1 →i: Wavelength #i Drop Sub Sea Shore Station timewavelength 1 Wavelength Demux i=1 i=M i=1 i=M λ M data detect λ1λ1 λMλM i=1 i=M wavelength P(t) per λ time P OPT Optical module # i Optical module # M Wavelength mux (no timing circuitry) P(t) per λ

electronic department Optical Test Bench 5 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. λ1λ1 λ7λ7 100 km DOM #2 Shore Station MOD λ8λ8 λ1λ1 REAM 8λ 2xCu DC+AC 1% TAP Timing Calib. on/off 50/50 coupler AC/DC ratio monitor (optional) DWDM modules 16 channels, 100 GHz spacing, only 8 channels are used EDFA DOM #1 DU-base OFM 2 DOM #3 DOM #4 EDFA ?? PIN Laser λ8λ8 λ1λ1 ?? λ4λ4 λ8λ8 DU-base control A2 PIN VOA 8 x A1 Driver Internal Power Supply always on Oclaro - PT10XGC Modified - EAM-R-10-C-7S-FCA Oclaro - TL5000VCJ λ8λ8 Mirror C1 C3 C2 OFM 1 FDK – YS LiNbO3 Junction Box D2 D3 Optical network for KM3Net PPM structure Foci - M-DT-1-I-L-H-R-10-AP/AP- 1 Foci - E-PR-4IVAPATBNXX100-4A-0 PM-DWDM Ethernet control Raman pump laser λ8λ8 D1 PMDWDMM-D L-H-F DOMs Enabling Signal Propagation Time Measurements

electronic department Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. 6 d1d1 d3d3 d2d2 d4d4 B C d1d1 d3d3 d2d2 d4d4 B C A A Total time T p1 =d1+d2+d4+d2+d3 Total time T p2 =d3+d2+d4+d2+d3 CW x t= dN/dλ T=(ℓn)/C dT= (ℓ(dN/dλ)Δλ))/C λ1λ1 n1n1 n2n2 λ2λ2 ℓ = length C = speed of light N = numerical aperture T = time 1310? C-band reply C-band reply d1d1 d2d2 d3d3 VOA C-band PIN FPGA R-EAM PIN FPGA R-EAM Signal Propagation Time Measurement CW x C-band Assume fibre length: ℓ d1 < ℓ d3 Equally Tuned circuitries

electronic department Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. 7 λ1λ1 λ7λ7 100 km DOM #2 Shore Station MOD λ8λ8 λ1λ1 8λ 2xCu 1% TAP Timing Calib. on/off 50/50 coupler AC/DC ratio monitor (optional) DWDM modules 16 channels, 100 GHz spacing, only 8 channels are used EDFA DOM #1 DU-base OFM 2 DOM #3 DOM #4 EDFA PIN Laser λ8λ8 λ1λ1 ?? λ4λ4 λ8λ8 DU-base control A2 PIN VOA 8 x A1 Driver Internal Power Supply always on Oclaro - PT10XGC Modified - EAM-R-10-C-7S-FCA Oclaro - TL5000VCJ λ8λ8 Mirror C1 C3 C2 OFM 1 FDK – YS LiNbO3 Junction Box D2 D3 Optical network for KM3Net PPM structure Foci - M-DT-1-I-L-H-R-10-AP/AP- 1 Foci - E-PR-4IVAPATBNXX100-4A-0 PM-DWDM Ethernet control Raman pump laser λ8λ8 D1 PMDWDMM-D L-H-F Timing loop is activated via optical switch (shore) and via an e.g. 80 kHz modulated λ8, which activates the VOA (or switch power switch for PPM only) (sub-sea). Amplification of A1 needs to be the same as A2. wavelength R-EAM t0t0 tata tata t0t0 reflected Signal Propagation Time measurement step 1 Δt ⇉ signal path length

electronic department Signal Propagation Time measurement step 2 8 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. λ1λ1 λ7λ7 100 km DOM #2 Shore Station MOD λ8λ8 λ1λ1 8λ 2xCu 1% TAP Timing Calib. on/off 50/50 coupler AC/DC ratio monitor (optional) DWDM modules 16 channels, 100 GHz spacing, only 8 channels are used EDFA DOM #1 DU-base OFM 2 DOM #3 DOM #4 EDFA ?? PIN Laser λ8λ8 λ1λ1 ?? λ4λ4 λ8λ8 DU-base control A2 PIN VOA 8 x A1 Driver Internal Power Supply always on Oclaro - PT10XGC Modified - EAM-R-10-C-7S-FCA Oclaro - TL5000VCJ λ8λ8 Mirror C1 C3 C2 OFM 1 FDK – YS LiNbO3 Junction Box D2 D3 Optical network for KM3Net PPM structure Foci - M-DT-1-I-L-H-R-10-AP/AP- 1 Foci - E-PR-4IVAPATBNXX100-4A-0 PM-DWDM Ethernet control Raman pump laser λ8λ8 D1 PMDWDMM-D L-H-F Timing loop is activated via optical switch (shore) and via an e.g. 80 kHz modulated λ8, which activates the VOA (or switch power switch for PPM only) (sub-sea). Amplification of A1 needs to be the same as A2. t0t0 tata tata t0t0 reflected R-EAM Δt ⇉ signal path length

electronic department Switch for Propagation Timing 9 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. PINLim.AmpTone Decoder 80 kHz Tone Decoder 100 kHz Tone Decoder 130 kHz VOA Driver VOA LEDs for test bench 600V 0.05Ω Mosfet switch circuit. With over current protection Optional e.g. electrical power switch for DU The optical AM modulated signal on λ8 is converted by the PIN diode to an electrical signal and directed to the limiting amplifier. When the frequency of the original signal matches the adjusted tone decoder frequency the VOA (used as a switch) is activated or deactivated. Extra option: After power up the solid state switch is “on” after a minimum of 350 V. The switch is controlled by the 100kHz and 130 kHz tone decoders. A power switch with over current protection is included. λ8λ8 PIN VOA Driver FDK – YS Optical fibre Variable Optical Attenuator

electronic department Determination of the Optical signal levels 10 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. λ1λ1 λ7λ7 100 km DOM #2 Shore Station MOD λ8λ8 λ1λ1 REAM 8λ 2xCu DC+AC 1% TAP Timing Calib. on/off 50/50 coupler AC/DC ratio monitor (optional) DWDM modules 16 channels, 100 GHz spacing, only 8 channels are used EDFA DOM #1 DU-base OFM 2 DOM #3 DOM #4 EDFA ?? PIN Laser λ8λ8 λ1λ1 ?? λ4λ4 λ8λ8 DU-base control A2 PIN VOA 8 x A1 Driver Internal Power Supply always on Oclaro - PT10XGC Modified - EAM-R-10-C-7S-FCA Oclaro - TL5000VCJ λ8λ8 Mirror C1 C3 C2 OFM 1 FDK – YS LiNbO3 Junction Box D2 D3 Optical network for KM3Net PPM structure Foci - M-DT-1-I-L-H-R-10-AP/AP- 1 Foci - E-PR-4IVAPATBNXX100-4A-0 PM-DWDM Ethernet control Raman pump laser λ8λ8 D1 PMDWDMM-D L-H-F Sequence measurements for optical signal level determination

electronic department Attended Spread Sheet Overlay for design control 11 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Functional blocsMain sheet DATA to main sheet Conclusions with error detect support ( e.g. min/max values) Pin_TIA amplifier CW Laser channel Passive components 1 Approach and Formula depiction

electronic department Test Nikhef 12 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. CW laser bank Amplifiers 100 km fibre Shore stationSubsea Station (DOM) Joint forces with the engineers of LNS-INFN Catania Optical Receiver Signal pattern generator BER tester

electronic department Results 13 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. The basic optical test bench setup compliant to a bidirectional data communication has been realized for 1 optical channel with an extinction ratio of 5% at the receiver. (Over a span of 100 km using optical amplifiers and the receiver is a PIN diode) The engineers from IRFU (Saclay) tested their standard 1000BASE-X ETHERNET system over a bidirectional span of 100 km over this test bench successfully. (however with a higher E.R.) Test bench is ready for “Synchronous command insertion and extraction” that can be implemented for accurate signal propagation time measurements The Raman Amplifier, EDFA and optical fibre, supplied by INFN Catania are successfully tested over a span of 100km. Some amplifier parameters are still to be optimized.

electronic department Optical Communication Setup 14 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Bookham PT10XGC PIN/TIA & MAX3945EVKIT Tx Agilent BER test setup. 1.25Gbps, Rx R.E.A.M Ch 19 Spark ch17 CW ON Spark ch18 CW OFF Tunable lsr ch19 λ OFF λxx 18.2mV Squelch = ON Rate = 1G/4G mode Rx bandwidth = 1GHz -7dBm R.E.A.M. V hi =-200mV V lo =-1200mV ER==1,2 50km G

electronic department Component Inventory for prototype optical network 15 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. For the PPM of KM3NeT sufficient optical parts available for at least 6 DOMsPresent at Nikhef 8 Tunable Lasers Full C-Band with variable output power. Mounted in a caseYes PM Patch cordsYes Polarization Maintaining DWDMYes LiNbO3 modulator: currently only an old type available. New type in research/orderedYes/ordered IsolatorsYes CouplersYes CirculatorsYes DWDM: Subsea and shore stationOrdered VOA (Variable Optical Attenuator)Yes R-EAMsOrdered/soon PIN Diodes for DOMYes Add/Drop filter λ8 for timing circuitYes PCB: Timing Circuit with driver for VOAYes Optical Amplifiers to be ordered (industrial contacts are established)No

electronic department Next steps 16 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Test bench to be extended with the 8 channel laser bank and Tests of the individual optical channels. E.g. influences of crosstalk etc. Implementation and tests of the Timing Switch. The configuration control in the system and repeating the “Synchronous command insertion and extraction” When the functionality of the system is proven system reliability to be reviewed.

electronic department 17 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. To be continued Steve Jobs saying: I skate to where the puck goes I don’t stay where the puck is Thoughts

electronic department DAQ optical network for KM3NeT 18 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Subsea compatible (subsea reliable design = position of active and passive components, single point failures etc.) RAMS criteria (additional ongoing benefits of this system: among DWDM colorless connections of DU’s Top Overlay bidi data communication circuitry (system modules in scientific notation) Work document schematics + timing circuitry (the golden circuitry) Showcase Test Data and tested components Inventory of components at Nikhef (laser bank), ordered, to determinate (contacts with industries) Next steps, planning Electronic and photonics, Mar van der Hoek, Sander Mos, Jan Willem Schmelling, Jelle Hogenbirk, Gerard Kieft, Henk Peek, Peter Janswijer, Paul Timmer, Albert Zwart Mechanics, Gertjan Mul, Auke Korporaal, Edward Berbee, Hans Kok, Rene de Boer, Herman Boer Rookhuizen Coordination, Eric Heine

electronic department RAMS 19 VLVnT workshop Erlangen Jelle Hogenbirk et.al. Evaluation of the RAMS criteria applied to the KM3NeT network RELIABILITY AVAILABILITY MAINTAINABILITY SAFETY During design: Perform fault tree analyses Perform MTBF calculations Single point failures During construction: Stringent QA program Test systems During deployment Monitoring assistance e.g. deploying the MEOC During operation: Monitoring During construction: Purchase of components Availability of components Second source suppliers During deployment: Monitoring assisted deployment During operation: Observation time versus Calibration time Response time to failures Time to Repair Spare parts Reduce the number of sub-sea components Modularity of design Implementation of monitoring functions During construction: Laser safety High voltage safety Optical sphere aspects During deployment: t.b.d (WP 5) During operation Environmental impact These RAMS criteria are also applied to the related mechanics! First attempt...