Bell Ringer #9 – 4/27/10 1. What did the Civil Rights Act state about college admission? 2. How did the Education Act affect black college enrollment? 3. How many Afr-Am students attended college in 1977?

Increased Enrollment  Significant # of black students enrolled in predominantly white institutions; black college enrollment also grew  By 1977, 1.1. million black students attended America’s universities. (A 500% increase from 227,000 in 1960!)

Carter G. Woodson ( )  Son of slaves, became 2 nd Af-Am to earn a PhD from Harvard. Bachelor’s degree was from U of Chicago.  Known as the “Father of Black History”. In 1926, he initiated Negro History Week, which corresponded with birthdays of Frederick Douglass & Abe Lincoln.

White House Honors  Woodson wrote Black History pamphlets and encouraged study in high schools and colleges.  In honor of Dr. Woodson’s promotion of the study of Af-Am History, an ornament of Woodson hangs on the White House’s Christmas tree each year.

Eurocentric  Black students argued that the average university curriculum was Eurocentric – focused on the study of Europeans  They demanded courses in black history, culture, literature, and art

Afro-American Studies  In 1968 Yale became the first major university to institute a degree- granting Af-Am Studies program. Harvard & other schools soon followed  By the 1980s, few schools offered Master’s and PhD’s in Af-Am Studies  Black Studies – scholarly study of the experiences of people of African descent throughout the world

Goals of Africana Studies 1. Develop solutions to problems facing people in the African Diaspora 2. Replace Eurocentric models with black culture and life challenges 3. Promote social change and educational reform 4. Institutionalize study of black people