The Ocean Floor.

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Presentation transcript:

The Ocean Floor

Studying the Ocean Floor Risky to explore ocean floor Ways to survey include: Sonar Satellite Ways to explore: Alvin Deep Flight Jason II & Medea

Sonar Sound Navigation And Ranging Sends pulses from a ship down into ocean… bounces off bottom and returns pulse back to ship Deeper water = longer pulse response

Satellite Seasat – satellite took images that allowed us to measure direction and speed of ocean currents Geosat – measures changes in height of ocean’s surface Used be top-secret Now used to make ocean maps

Regions of Ocean Floor Ocean floor is not flat Many features: Rift valley, mid-ocean ridge, seamounts, and trenches Continental Shelf, C. Slope, C. Rise, and Abyssal Plain

Ocean Floor

Regions of Ocean Floor Continental shelf – begins at shoreline and slopes gently toward open ocean. Continues until ocean floor begins to slope more steeply downward Depth can reach 200m Continental Slope – begins at edge of continental shelf. Continues down to flattest part of ocean floor. 200m – 4000m

Regions of Ocean Floor Continental Rise – the base of the C. Slope, is made of large piles of sediment. The boundary between the continental margin and the deep-ocean basin lies underneath the continental rise. Abyssal Plain – the broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin. It is covered by mud and the remains of tiny marine organisms. The avg depth is 4000m.

Exploring Ocean Piloted Vessels: Alvin: - 7m long Can reach deepest parts of ocean Used to find sunken ships; lost H bomb Found life near hydrothermal vents near Galapagos.

Exploring Ocean Piloted Vessels: Deep Flight: - underwater airplane Goal is to one day dive 11,000m deep. Robotic Vessels: Jason II and Medea Reduce costs w/out pilot Can withstand high pressure

Life in the Ocean

{Zoo (animal) and Phyto(Plant)} Marine Life Three main groups : Plankton (microscopic floaters) {Zoo (animal) and Phyto(Plant)} Nekon (swimming organisms) – mammals and fish Benthos (live at bottom) – crabs, starfish, worms, coral, sponges, seaweed, and clams

Benthic Environment Bottom environment Region near ocean floor and all the organisms live on or in it Zones Include: Intertidal, Sublittoral, Baythal, Abyssal, and Hadal I’m Sure Being A Handful!

Benthic Environment

Pelagic Environment Zone near the ocean’s surface and at middle depths Beyond Sublittoral Zone and above Abyssal Zone Two Major Zones: Neritic and Oceanic Zone

Viper Fish Grenadier

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