Measuring entrepreneurship - the European approach OECD Entrepreneurship Indicators Project Expert Workshop 26-27/10/2005 Peter Bøegh Nielsen, Hartmut Schrör European Commission (DG MARKT, Eurostat)

The European Enterprise Demography Project Justification: The Lisbon programme: Justification: The Lisbon programme: The recognised need to foster more entrepreneurial drive in Europe The recognised need to foster more entrepreneurial drive in Europe Context: Almost starting from scratch Context: Almost starting from scratch No harmonised European data No harmonised European data Only few national experiences Only few national experiences Phase 1: Launching a pilot survey to produce structural data Phase 1: Launching a pilot survey to produce structural data Phase 2:Mandatory data collection Phase 2:Mandatory data collection

Business demography Project: Variables and indicators Birth / death rates as indicators of economic dynamism Birth / death rates as indicators of economic dynamism Survival rates as indicators of start-up success Survival rates as indicators of start-up success Effects of enterprise birth and death on employment Effects of enterprise birth and death on employment Growth of surviving enterprises and its effect on employment Growth of surviving enterprises and its effect on employment Breakdown of these indicators by Breakdown of these indicators by Economic activity (NACE 2-3 digit level) Economic activity (NACE 2-3 digit level) Size class (employees) Size class (employees) Legal form Legal form

Business demography - dissemination Data and publications available free of charge at Eurostat website Data and publications available free of charge at Eurostat website Reference years 1997 to 2002 Reference years 1997 to Member States, Norway, Romania 17 Member States, Norway, Romania

Phase 3: Enlarging the scope to other topics From measuring start-ups to measuring factors of business success From measuring start-ups to measuring factors of business success From enterprise statistics to profiling of entrepreneurs From enterprise statistics to profiling of entrepreneurs

How to measure Factors of Business Success Figure 1. Survival rates for new enterprises in Denmark 1990 – 2000, 1994 – 2000 and

Branch experience having an impact Figure 2. Survival rate for entrepreneurs broken down by branch experience

Can we identify gazelles?

‘Factors of Business Success’ project Joint project of DG MARKT and Eurostat with 15 national statistical institutes Joint project of DG MARKT and Eurostat with 15 national statistical institutes Survey of enterprises newly born in 2002 that have survived for 3 years Survey of enterprises newly born in 2002 that have survived for 3 years Common questionnaire, partly based on national experience (DK, FR, IT, PL, SE) Common questionnaire, partly based on national experience (DK, FR, IT, PL, SE) Common recommendations on methodology (sampling, grossing-up etc.) Common recommendations on methodology (sampling, grossing-up etc.)

Elements of the questionnaire Start-up conditions and profile of the entrepreneur Start-up conditions and profile of the entrepreneur Motivation for start-up Motivation for start-up Financing Financing Difficulties at start-up Difficulties at start-up Entrepreneur’s characteristics: education, experience, gender, age, citizenship Entrepreneur’s characteristics: education, experience, gender, age, citizenship Present situation Present situation Employment, turnover Employment, turnover Co-operation, networking Co-operation, networking Difficulties developing the enterprise Difficulties developing the enterprise

Elements of the questionnaire Future plans Future plans Future of the enterprise (continuing, selling, closing down) Future of the enterprise (continuing, selling, closing down) Development of employment, turnover, investments Development of employment, turnover, investments

Expected results April 2006: data delivery to Eurostat April 2006: data delivery to Eurostat Autumn 2006: publication of results Autumn 2006: publication of results Autumn 2006: review of project, decision on follow-up project Autumn 2006: review of project, decision on follow-up project

The road ahead Focus on special segments: Focus on special segments: Gazelles Gazelles Innovative start-ups Innovative start-ups Spin-offs Spin-offs Female entrepreneurs Female entrepreneurs Ethnic entrepreneurs Ethnic entrepreneurs Future challenge: Ageing entrepreneurs Future challenge: Ageing entrepreneurs Facilitating take-overs Facilitating take-overs