Skeletal System

sternum

The Skeletal System Functions of the Skeletal System  Provide support  Protect internal organs  Allows your body to move  Stores and produced materials that your body needs You have 206 bones in your body  Babies have more WHY?

Compact Bone. Compact bone makes up the outer layer of all bones. Although it looks dense and solid, It is full of holes for nerves and blood vessels. Spongy Bone Spongy bone contains flat and needlelike structures that resist stress. Red bone marrow may fill the open spaces in some bones. Outer Membrane An outer membrane covers most of a long bone. The inner portion of a membrane contains cells that build up and breakdown bone. Central Cavity Central cavities in long bones usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).

Vocabulary Complete vocabulary on Page 2 Joint A point in which two bone come together to allowed movement Ball and socket located at the hip Example

VOCABULARY WORD DEFINITIONWHERE DOES IT OCCUR? JOINTWhere 2 bones meetShoulder, elbow, knee CARTILAGEA tough supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone At the end of bones, ear, nose OSSIFICATIONProcess were cartilage is replaced by boneSkull ends of bones MARROWThe soft tissue that fills spaces in bonesAny bone LIGAMENTSA strong, fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint Anywhere 2 bones come together OSTEOPOROSISA condition in which significant loss of bone mass causes bones to become weak and break. Any bones that don’t receive enough calcium FRACTUREA break in a boneAny bone that has trauma SPRAINOverstretched or torn ligamentAnd joint that injury occurs SCOLIOSISAbnormal curvature of the spinevertebrae

5 types of JOINTS in your body Immovable Joint Allows NO MOVEMENT Hinge Joint Allows for BENDING AND STRAIGHTENING

Pivot Joint Allows movement SIDE TO SIDE Ball and Socket Joint Allows movement in ALL DIRECTIONS Gliding Joint Allows movement in many directions

ACTIVITIES  Bones relay  Egg and vinegar  Q-tip skeleton TEST TOMORROW  Page 1 thru 3 in packet  NO NOTES

Muscular System

Types of muscles Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles that you DO NOT have direct control over Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle only found in the HEART Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles that you CAN control to do activity

What connects our bones an muscles together? Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the bones and allows them to move

hamstrings

How muscles work  All muscles do work by contracting, or becoming shorter and thicker.  Many skeletal muscles work in pairs.  One muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone in one direction.  Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone back

Muscle Pairs Bicep contracts Triceps relaxes Triceps contracts Bicep relaxes Activity on page 273 teachers addition

Nervous System

What is the Nervous System? Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body. Then it processes the information and forms a response to it. The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron

The MASTER ORGAN

Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerves

Nervous System Is Divided into Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Includes Two Divisions Brain Spinal Cord Sensory Cerebrum Brain Stem Cerebellum AutonomicSomatic Three Regions Two Groups Regulates breathing Signals Skeletal muscles Motor

Activities  Muscle relay  Mix messages (page 281)  Find the letter  Read this paragraph  Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher edition)  The Concussion Crisis article

Mixed Messages Page 281

1 - Find the C below.. Please do not use any cursor help. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

2- If you already found the C, now find the 6 below

 3 - Now find the N below. It's a little more difficult. MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in what oerdr the ltteres in a word are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is that the frsit and last ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can still raed it whotuit a pboerlm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

ILLUSIONS

CardiovascularSystem

Functions of the Cardiovascular System Delivers materials  Your heart continually pups blood in your blood vessels throughout your body  Example – blood picks up glucose from your digestive system and brings it to cells that need energy Removes wastes  It transports waste from your cells  Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled Fights Disease  blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts

The 3 main parts of the Cardiovascular System The Heart The Blood Vessels Blood

Blood Flow through the Heart Body Cells Lungs The left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood. The right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.

Page 293 Right Atrium Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Major vessels from upper body to the heart Vessels from the lung to the heart The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body Vessel form the lungs Vessels from lung to heart

YOUR HEART BEAT  Two main phases.  FIRST PHASE - the heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood.  SECOND PHASE - the heart contracts and pumps blood.  The rate at which your heart muscles contract is regulated by the pacemaker, a small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium.  Average heart rate depends on the person and situation.

TAKING YOUR PULSE

BLOOD VESSELS  Your heart pumps blood through an extensive network of blood vessels.  The three main types of blood vessels in your body are Arteries Capillaries Veins Complete page 11 using your book

ARTERIES  Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart  Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood  The largest artery in the body is the aorta  Arteries have thick walls that are both strong and flexible.

Layer of cells Smooth muscle Connective tissue

CAPILLARIES  Branching from the smallest arteries are capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in your body.  As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse through the capillary walls and into your body’s cells.

VEINS  From the capillaries, blood flows into small blood vessels that join together to form veins.  Veins are large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.

BLOOD VESSELS Capillary Vein Layer of cells Smooth muscle Connective tissue Single Layer of cells Capillary Cross Section

Blood is blue in color when is it NOT carrying oxygen. MYTH The fact is that blood is bright red when it is carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not. Veins appear blue because of the way light reflects from skin.

BLOOD  The average adult has about 4 to 6 quarts of blood circulating through his or her blood vessels.  The four components of blood are Plasma White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Platelets

PLASMA  The liquid component of the blood is called plasma  This straw-colored liquid makes up about 55 percent of the blood.  Plasma is mostly water, with substances such as nutrients, hormones, and salts dissolved in it.

RED BLOOD CELLS  The cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body are red blood cells.  Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is an iron-containing substance to which oxygen binds

WHITE BLOOD CELLS  White blood cells help protect you against diseases and foreign substances  Some white blood cells make chemicals that help your body resist diseases such as cancer.  Others destroy invading microorganisms by surrounding and consuming them.

Platelets  are cell fragments that play an important role in the blood clotting process  When you get a cut, platelets stick to the edges of the cut and release proteins called clotting factors.

Respiratory System

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  is responsible for bringing oxygen from the outside environment into the body  It also removes carbon dioxide from the body

7. Label the parts of the Respiratory System and its purpose Page 307 Respiratory System

1.Nose and Nasal Cavities – air comes into our body 2.Pharynx – (throat) it connects the mouth to the respiratory track 3.Epiglottis and Larynx – the larynx contains the vocal cords - when you swallow the epiglottis seals the larynx. 4.Trachea – windpipe connects larynx to lungs 5.Bronchus – divides the trachea into 2 pipes one going to each lung. 6.Lung – bronchi divide like branches of a tree to smaller tubes. At the end of the tubes is where gas is exchanged. 7.Cilia – capture mucus that contains dust and sweep it towards the throat to be swallowed.

THE PATHWAY OF AIR Using page 306 in the book complete the top of page 13 in the packet

What it looks like Blood rich in carbon dioxide Blood rich in oxygen Capillary

HOW GAS IS EXCHANGED  At the end of the smallest tubes in the lungs are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches of grapes  These sacs, called alveoli are where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

PATHWAY OF AIR Oxygen going in! Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi lungs Carbon Dioxide Going Out lungs bronchi trachea larynx pharynx nose

THE BREATHING PROCESS  Inhalation  The volume in the lung increase and the air flows in  Function  Rib cage moves up and out  The Diaphragm contracts and flattens  Exhalation  The volume of the lungs decreases, and the air is pulled out  Functions  The rib cage returns to its original position  The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

Quiz Tomorrow  Cardiovascular system and Respiratory system  Be able to label the respiratory system  Know information from your packet about the cardiovascular and respiratory system  NO NOTES