Satellite Sea-surface Salinity: Data and Product Biases and Differences Eric Bayler and Li Ren NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research.

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Presentation transcript:

Satellite Sea-surface Salinity: Data and Product Biases and Differences Eric Bayler and Li Ren NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research

Data 2 Aquarius Data Processing System (ADPS) Level-2 SSS Version 3.0 without SST correction (Sep 2011 – Aug 2014) Aquarius Combined Active-Passive (CAP) Level-2 SSS Version 3.0 without precipitation correction (Sep 2011 – Aug 2014) SMOS Version 2.0 Level-2 (Jan 2012 – Dec 2013) SMOS Version 2.0 BEC Level-3 monthly optimally-interpolated (OI) SSS (Sep 2011 – Oct 2013) Argo salinity profiles - ungridded (USGODAE Monterey Server) (Sep 2011 – Aug 2014) Monthly sea-surface temperature – NOAA Reynolds Optimum Interpolation (OI) V2 1° × 1° resolution Monthly precipitation – Global Precipitation Climatology Project 2.5° × 2.5° resolution Monthly wind speed – European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast Interim Reanalysis 1.5° × 1.5° resolution

3 3-Year Mean Difference (pss) SSS Difference (pss) 3-Year RMS Difference (pss) SSS RMS Difference (pss) Aquarius - ADPS SMOS Ascending – Descending Differences: Spatial

Ascending – Descending Differences: Temporal 4 SSS Differen ce (pss) Aquarius - ADPS SMOS Jan 2012 Jan 2013 Jan 2014

Ascending-Descending Difference: Zonal Mean of Annual Mean 5

Satellite-Argo Difference: Temporal Jan 2012 Jan 2013 Jan 2014

Satellite - Argo Difference: Zonal Mean of Annual Mean 7

Regional Analysis 8 NPAC ITCZ SPURS SPCZ SIO Regions: InterTropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ ) 8°N – 11°N, 120°W – 150°W South Pacific Convergence Zone ( SPCZ ) 6°S – 11°S, 150°E – 180° Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study ( SPURS ) 20°N – 30°N, 033°W – 042°W North Pacific ( NPAC ) 48°N – 53°N, 150°E – 140°W Southern Indian Ocean ( SIO ) 50S – 60S, 050E – 110E

ITCZ Regional Analysis: Satellite – Argo Difference 9 SST Precipitation Wind Speed SMOS: ADPS: CAP: For two-tailed probabilities, correlations exceeding ±0.5, are statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level and correlations less than ±0.5, but exceeding ±0.33, are statistically significant at the 0.1 significance level.

SPCZ Regional Analysis : Satellite – Argo Difference 10 SST Precipitation Wind Speed SMOS: ADPS: CAP: For two-tailed probabilities, correlations exceeding ±0.5, are statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level and correlations less than ±0.5, but exceeding ±0.33, are statistically significant at the 0.1 significance level.

SPURS Regional Analysis : Satellite – Argo Difference 11 SST Precipitation Wind Speed SMOS: ADPS: CAP: For two-tailed probabilities, correlations exceeding ±0.5, are statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level and correlations less than ±0.5, but exceeding ±0.33, are statistically significant at the 0.1 significance level.

NPAC Regional Analysis : Satellite – Argo Difference 12 SST Precipitation Wind Speed SMOS: ADPS: CAP: For two-tailed probabilities, correlations exceeding ±0.5, are statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level and correlations less than ±0.5, but exceeding ±0.33, are statistically significant at the 0.1 significance level.

SIO Regional Analysis : Satellite – Argo Difference 13 SST Precipitation Wind Speed SMOS: ADPS: CAP: For two-tailed probabilities, correlations exceeding ±0.5, are statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level and correlations less than ±0.5, but exceeding ±0.33, are statistically significant at the 0.1 significance level.

Summary Ascending - Descending – South of about 45°S, a spatial pattern of alternating positive/negative ascending- descending node differences exists, regularly spaced and centered between the multiples of 45° of longitude – Notable temporal variability for the region south of 30°. The synchronization of the Aquarius variability with the solstices would seem to indicate that reflected galactic noise is the cause Aquarius and SMOS have significantly differently temporal variability, bringing into question that reflected galactic noise is the underlying cause – Zonally, SMOS has a distinct negative trend for 60°S-50°N Satellite vs Argo floats – In the Southern Hemisphere, SMOS data seasonality is approximately the inverse of Aquarius data seasonality – SMOS data exhibits more seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere than Aquarius data – SMOS data bias in the Northern Hemisphere is notably different from Aquarius data bias Regional analysis – SMOS and Aquarius (ADPS & CAP) have notably different correlations with SST, precipitation, and wind speed, depending on the particular region. 14