Dr. Laura Helmrich-Rhodes,CSP Associate Professor

 Background  Photos  Available via ,phone/text,Skype, LinkedIn

 Students will be able to: ◦ Define “Accident” ◦ Discuss different Accident Causation Theories ◦ Describe an Accident Investigation Plan ◦ Differentiate roles in AI ◦ Begin to use Human Error Concepts in AI ◦ Begin to describe the Accident Investigation Process

 Are all accidents preventable?? ◦ “Event without Causes?” ◦ “Unplanned & Uncontrolled?”  Loss?

 Definition of an Accident ◦ Unwanted or undesired event which results in physical harm and/or property damage (Vincoli) ◦ An accident is a specific, unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular time and place, with no apparent and deliberate cause but with marked effects

 What does the theory state? What are the pro’s, cons, current perceptions about the theory? ◦ Domino Theory ◦ Safety Pyramid ◦ Unsafe Acts versus Unsafe Conditions ◦ Multiple Causation Theories ◦ Pure Chance Theory ◦ Energy Transfer Theories

 How can these accident causation theories aid an accident investigation? ◦ Domino Theory- Heinrich (1931) ◦ Safety Pyramid- Heinrich, see also Bird ◦ Unsafe Acts versus Unsafe Conditions (Petersen, mgt problem w/ each hazard) ◦ Multiple Causation Theories (grouped into behavioral and environmental) ◦ Pure Chance Theory (what happens if people believe this?) ◦ Energy Transfer Theories every change of energy there is a source, a path and a receiver ◦ Is there any ONE theory which should be used?

 Let’s discuss this!

* difference between a program and a procedure?  Written  Clear  Concise instructions  What to do  When to do it

 Inside the organization? ◦ Who?  Outside investigators? ◦ Who?  ( See Vincoli pg )

 What are the rolls of those people?  Which accidents should be investigated?

 Report the accident occurrence to a designated person within the organization  Provide first aid and medical care to injured person(s) and prevent further injuries or damage  Investigate the accident  Identify the causes  Report the findings  Develop a plan for corrective action  Implement the plan  Evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective action  Make changes for continuous improvement

 Disclaimer-huge subject!  Just touching tonight  Is it a “cause” or a “symptom?”

 Should be able to: ◦ Define “Accident” ◦ Discuss different Accident Causation Theories ◦ Describe an Accident Investigation Plan ◦ Differentiate roles in AI ◦ Begin to use Human Error Concepts in AI ◦ Begin to describe the Accident Investigation Process