© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Police Management

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Styles of Policing watchman style legalistic style service style

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3 Police Administration Discretion in Policing Issues & Challenges in Contemporary Policing Professionalization & Ethics Ethnic & Gender Diversity in Policing

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 Watchman Style: order maintenance controlling illegal and disruptive behavior considerable use of discretion Styles of Policing

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5 Styles of Policing Legalistic Style: committed to enforcing the letter of the law “laissez-faire” policing

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 Styles of Policing Service Style: reflect the needs of the community work with social services and assist communities in solving problems

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7 Police-Community Relations 1960’s – A new style of service oriented policing emerged. Public-relations officers are appointed to “Neighborhood Watch” programs, drug-awareness workshops, etc.

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8 strategic policing problem-solving policing community-oriented policing Police-Community Relations

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9 Contemporary Policing The Individual Officer Considerable discretion based on many factors including: background of the officer characteristics of the suspect department policy community interest

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10 Issues and Challenges police stress on the job dangers use of deadly force public expectations surrounding the enforcement of laws societal change Contemporary Policing

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11 Police Personality Jerome Skolnick Justice without Trial (1966) Process of informal socialization that includes six recognizable characteristics: conservative cynical hostile authoritarian suspicious individualistic

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12 Police Culture William Westly (1953) Police have their own: customs laws morality

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13 Corruption and Integrity Power, authority, and discretion produce great potential for abuse.

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14 Corruption is the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain. Corruption and Integrity

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15 Corruption Grass Eaters: most common form of corruption illegitimate activity which occurs from time to time in the normal course of police work

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 16 Corruption more serious form of corruption active seeking of illicit money- making opportunities by officers Meat Eaters:

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18 Integrity Promoting police integrity by: integrating police ethics training into programs conducting research in the area of ethics studying departments that are models in the area of police ethics

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19 Drug Testing of Police Employees National Institute of Justice large police departments were sampled. Almost all departments had written procedures to test employees who were reasonably suspected of drug abuse.

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc % of the departments were testing recruits. 21 % were considering testing all officers. Drug Testing of Police Employees

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21 Dangers in Police Work

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22 Risk of Disease AIDS Hepatitis B Tuberculosis

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23 Possible Ways of Transmission from breath alcohol instruments handling evidence of all types handling implements such as staples emergency delivery of a baby risk of bite attacks by infected individuals body removal Risk of Disease

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 24 Stress normal component of police work ranks among top ten stress producing jobs in United States

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 25 Four Types external organizational personal operational Stress

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26 Stress: External Real dangers when answering calls: fights in progress possible gun play hostage situations high speed car chases

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27 Stress: Organizational generated by factors like paperwork, training requirements, and testifying in court

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28 Stress: Personal interpersonal relationships among officers

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29 Stress: Operational impact of the need to combat tragedies of daily urban life

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30 Stress/Frustration Reality is far from ideal. An arrest may not lead to conviction.

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31 Evidence may not be admissible. Jury may acquit. Sentences may not be long enough. Stress/Frustration

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32 The suicide rate for police officers is twice that of the general population. Stress/Frustration

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc Lawsuits Title 42, Section 1983 passed by Congress in 1871 allows for civil suits to be brought against anyone [including police] for denying others their constitutional rights to life, liberty or property without due process

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34 Police Use of Force use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public

© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35 Imminent Danger Standard restricts the use of deadly force to ONLY those situations where the lives of agents or others are in danger