Bell Work Homework: Start on Mini-Project TODAY’S TITLE: #8 The First People TODAY’S GOAL: Explain how geography can influence the development of civilizations and cultures. WAR: Pre-AP- Read the “Link to Today” box on page 33 and answer the question on the bottom. “How do you think modern obsidian blades are different from Stone Age ones?” REG- Draw at least 2 “cave paintings” that show something from your daily life. Then answer this question: “What would an archaeologist conclude about your daily life if he discovered these paintings 2000 years from now?”

THE STONE AGES AND EARLY CULTURES CHAPTER 2

SECTION 1: THE FIRST PEOPLE Prehistory: the time before writing was invented, which includes the STONE AGE. The first humans lived during the Stone Age. The Stone Age is divided into 3 periods based upon the type of tools that were made: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Tool: any handheld object that has been changed to help a person do a task.

What is the Paleolithic Era? AKA The Old Stone Age Lasted until about 10,000 years ago Tools were made out of sharpened stones or bones Most were used to cut food More advanced tools were made over time such as the hand ax and spear As tools developed, people formed societies, communities of people who share the same culture

What is the Paleolithic Era? (cont.) Early humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies Spoken language developed over time Artwork during this time were carved figures made of stone, ivory or bone, and cave paintings, which may have had religious meaning Very little is known about their religious beliefs

WIO CAVEMAN Charades!

Bell Work Homework: Read WORKBOOK pages 10-11 and complete page 12. Today’s Title: #9 Early Human Migration Today’s Goal: Compare the lifestyles of hunter-gatherers with settlers of early farming communities and use maps to trace migrations of early humans WAR: Pre-AP: How would early humans have to adapt to survive in colder, more mountainous, and rocky environment? REG: Read the “If you were there…” paragraph on the top of page 36 and answer the following question- “How would you feel about moving to a new home?”

SECTION 2: EARLY HUMAN MIGRATION Climate patterns around the world began to change the earth’s geography People had to migrate, or move to new places to survive

What are the Ice Ages? 1.6 million years ago, the Earth experienced long periods of freezing weather called the Ice Ages Ocean levels were lower than today and places that are underwater now used to be dry land! Land bridges were exposed allowing people to move more easily to other continents Ex: The Bering Strait Land Bridge, which connected Asia to N. America

How did early humans settle in new lands? Migration took hundreds of thousands of years Began in Africa about 2 million years ago Early humans branched out to other continents such as Asia, Europe, Australia, and even on to North and South America Must have used land bridges to move around Open your textbooks to page 37 and let’s analyze the map of Early Human Migration.

How did people adapt to new environments? Fire- kept people warm, but they didn’t know how to “make” it yet Sewed animal skins to keep warm Took up shelter in caves or built small dwellings Developed new types of tools during the Mesolithic Era such as hooks, spears, bow and arrow (still used stone and bone) Developed new technology such as canoes, pottery, and keeping pets for protection and hunting such as dogs.

Bell Work HOMEWORK: Complete the Chapter 2 Study Guide TODAY’S TITLE: #10 The Beginnings of Farming TODAY’S GOAL: SWBAT describe how farming affected settlement, population growth, and the beginnings of civilization. WAR: Read pages 41-43 and answer your class’s question below. Pre-AP: What do you think had more significant results?- the domestication of animals or of plants? REG: What was the Neolithic Revolution?

Section 3: Beginnings of Agriculture The discovery that plants grew from seeds was one of the major advances of the late Stone Age This created a tidal wave of changes and advances that swept across the world!

What is the Neolithic Age? AKA the New Stone Age began about 10,000 years ago in Southwest Asia Learned to make drills and saws out of stone and how to make fire This age ended when people began to make tools out of metal and how to produce food

How was farming “discovered”? The climate began to warm up and new plants began to grow such as barley and wheat People began to settle where these new plants grew Soon learned they could plant seeds themselves This shift from gathering plants to planting them is called the Neolithic Revolution First occurred in Southwest Asia

What is domestication? It is the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful People began to plant only the largest grains and sweetest fruits, which led to agriculture, or farming. People also learned how to use animals such as keeping herds of sheep or cattle to use for food and clothing Also used animals for heavy pulling or transportation Using animals greatly improved farming

How did farming change societies? Because of farming, people could focus on other activities People used plant fibers and domesticated animals to make cloth Began to build permanent settlements World’s population began to grow as people were able to control their food production Specialization in jobs (basket-weaving, tool-making, etc.)

How did farming change societies? (cont.) Religious groups began to form and people put up megaliths, huge stones used as monuments Ex: Stonehenge in England Prehistoric gods probably represented air, water, fire, or earth People prayed to their ancestors (ancestral worship)

WIO (do as Bell Work) Homework: Study for Chapter 2 Test for tomorrow!!! Write a journal entry describing a day in the life of a Neolithic farm family. Include details such as the crops and animals on your farm. Reflect on how life has changed since the “discovery” of farming.

TODAY’S LIST OF THINGS TO DO! 1. HOMEWORK: Mini-Project due on Tuesday!!!! 2. Answer the following question in your notebook on the next page (it does not need any labels like WAR, WOW, etc.): How did humans’ ways of living change as they interacted and adapted? 3. Then, use our scale in the back of your notebook to give yourself a rating on how well you think you answered the above question. You should start off with “I give myself a _____ because…..” 4. Take Chapter 2 Test 5. Complete the Peace Day activity. Take a yellow paper from the chair and follow the directions on it.