Humans Try to Control Nature Chapter 1 Section 2

I Achievements in Technology & Art A New Tool Kit People of the Old Stone Age were Nomads Nomads= people who wander from place to place rather than settle permanently Nomads whose diet depended on hunting and collecting plant foods are called hunter gatherers Men hunted & women gathered These modern humans launched a technological revolution by creating and using stone, bone, & wood to make over 100 different tools Ex. knives fish hooks, needles, etc.

B. Paleolithic Art Prehistoric paintings may have represented religious beliefs Some may have served as textbook for younger hunters to learn certain animals and hunting skills Use of pictures to communicate information represents the 1st step in the development of writing

II Neolithic Revolution Discovery that planting seeds can lead to growing crops ushered in the Neolithic Revolution AKA Agricultural Revolution Neolithic Rev.= the far reaching changes in human life resulting from the start of farming

A. Agricultural Revolution & Domestication Don’t know exactly why Agricultural rev. occurred, we think warmer weather may have been a factor Warmer weather means more time for farming Large & steady supply of grain helped support larger population Slash & Burn Farming= cut down grass & tress then burn the field. Ash fertilizes the soil. After farming in that plot for a few years they would move to another are and trees would grow back

Like the women gathers helped spur the development of farming, hunters understanding of animals probably played a key role in domestication Domestication= the taming of animals

Settlement In Jarmo, Iraq At one point conditions in this area were favorable to farming Archeologists have found bones, storage pits, mud impressions of wheat This marked the beginning of a new era & laid the foundation for modern life

B. Villages Grow & Prosper Various hunter gatherer groups all over the world independently began to develop farming Especially people in fertile river valleys like Africa, China, Mexico, & Peru

Catal Huyuk Catal Huyuk in Turkey is one of the most well preserved examples of a Neolithic farming village Benefits of settled life= large crops, domesticated animals, skilled workers, & trade Drawbacks= floods, fire, drought, disease spreads easily, vulnerable to attack

IMPORTANT Agricultural villages expanded into cities that would be setting for more complex cultures