Classification Grouping things based on their characteristics!!

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Presentation transcript:

Classification Grouping things based on their characteristics!!

Section 17.1 Summary – pages Biologists who study taxonomy are called taxonomists. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics. How classification began…

“binomial nomenclature” Two word naming system Carolus Linnaeus (1707 ‑ 1778), a Swedish botanist Linnaeus’s system was based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.

Section 17.1 Summary – pages In this system, the first word identifies the genus of the organism. Modern classification systems use a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature that Linnaeus developed to identify species. A genus (JEE nus) (plural, genera) consists of a group of similar species. Species Scientific Names The second word, which sometimes describes a characteristic of the organism, is called the specific epithet.

Section 17.1 Summary – pages Thus, the scientific name for each species, referred to as the species name, is a combination of the genus name and specific epithet. Homo sapiens Species Scientific Names Homo = Genus, sapiens = “wise man” A Russian scientist discovers what appears to be a new type of bird. After conferring with scientists in other countries about the characteristics of this bird, he decides to give the bird a new scientific name. How should he go about naming that bird?

Naming Organisms Why do we need to name organisms? What is the name of this organism? Why do scientists not want to use common names?

The common name of many animals can be misleading. Ceylon frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) is a bird. Killer whales (Orcinus orca ) are the largest member of the dolphin family.

Flying fish (Parezocoetus mesogaster) do not fly, but glide. Seahorse (Hippocampus zosterae) is not a horse, but a fish.

Why do scientist not use common names? Confusing – more than one common name Misleading – starfish is not a fish Why use a scientific name? There is only one scientific name Felis concolor

Species Scientific Names United States and England- Sparrow Spain – gorrion domestico Holland – huismus Scientific name: Passer domesticus

What language is used for the scientific naming? LATIN What are the 2 parts of the scientific name? Genus (Latin for group) species general description exact kind organisms share a major only 1 kind of organism characteristicwithin a genus Scientific Name

Recognizing Relationships Tell me something about each of these organisms. Carnegiea gigantea Nymphaea odorata Canis familiaris Peromyscus californicus Viola tricolor giant saguaro cactus fragrant water lily domestic dog common California mouse three color pansy

Genus + species names should be used when referring to an organism. Species name alone is not enough. Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly. Thamnophis melanogaster is a garter snake.

What is the correct way to write the scientific name? drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster D. melanogaster Why are scientific names in Latin? 1.Latin is no longer used in conversation. 2.It’s tradition. 3.Universal. * Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.

COMMONNAME GENUS+SPECIESSCIENTIFIC NAME Human Homo+sapiensHomo sapiens Dog Canis+familiarisCanis familiaris Spanish lynx Felis+pardinaFelispardina Tiger Panthera+tigrisPanthera tigris Jaguar Panthera+oncaPanthera onca Leopard Panthera+pardusP. pardus Bullfrog Rana+catesbeianarana catesbeiana Cameroon Toad Bufo+superciliarisBufo superciliaris Houston Toad Bufo+ houstonensis Bufo houstonensis Nile crocodile Crocodylus+ niloticus Crocodylus niloticus Caiman Caiman+crocodilusCaiman crocodilus Jamaican boa Epicrates+subflavusEpicrates subflavus Puerto Rican boa Epicrates+inornatusEpicrates inornatus Jamaican iguana Cyclura+colleiCyclura Collei Mona iguana Cyclura+stejnegeriCyclura stejnegeri Desert monitor Varanus+griseusVaranus griseus Komodo dragon Varnaus+komodoensisvaranus Komodoensis Aquatic box turtle Terrapene+coahuilaTerrapene coahuila Peregrine falcon Falco+peregrinusFalco peregrinus Piping plover Charadrius + melodus Charadrius melodus Audouin's gull Larus+audouinii Larus audouinii Relict gull Larus+relictus Larus relictus Tooth cave spider Leptoneta+myopica Leptoneta myopica