MUSLIM EMPIRES CHAPTER 4 SECTION 2

The Ottoman empire expansion 1200s  Turkish Muslims (Ottomans) begin to capture Byzantine territory.  Christian boys captured and trained as soldiers called Janissaries. Eventually they converted to Islam. BOOM! BOOM!  New technology: gunpowder and cannons. BOOM!BOOM!  Turkish Muslims (Ottomans) begin to capture Byzantine territory.  Christian boys captured and trained as soldiers called Janissaries. Eventually they converted to Islam. BOOM! BOOM!  New technology: gunpowder and cannons. BOOM!BOOM!

Ottoman Empire 1400s-1500s  Mehmed ii captures Constantinople and later converts the Hagia Sophia into a mosque.  : Suleyman I brings the Ottoman Empire to its greatest in size and cultural achievement.  Mehmed ii captures Constantinople and later converts the Hagia Sophia into a mosque.  : Suleyman I brings the Ottoman Empire to its greatest in size and cultural achievement.

Ottoman expansion

Ottoman Achievements  POETRY  ARCHITECTURE  2-CLASS SOCIETY  ROYAL CLASS=MUSLIM, GOVERNMENT, MILITARY, LITTLE FREEDOM FOR WOMEN (HAREM)  LOWER CLASS=MOSTLY JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN, LIVING IN “MILLETS.”  POETRY  ARCHITECTURE  2-CLASS SOCIETY  ROYAL CLASS=MUSLIM, GOVERNMENT, MILITARY, LITTLE FREEDOM FOR WOMEN (HAREM)  LOWER CLASS=MOSTLY JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN, LIVING IN “MILLETS.”

OTTOMAN IMAGES

Safavid Empire 1500s-1700s  Shia Muslims - believe only descendants of Muhammad should rule.  Shah Esma’il made shiism official. He was defeated by Ottomans.  Shah ‘Abbas-  used foreign slave boys as soldiers  Expanded territory  Encouraged production/export of goods goods  Shia Muslims - believe only descendants of Muhammad should rule.  Shah Esma’il made shiism official. He was defeated by Ottomans.  Shah ‘Abbas-  used foreign slave boys as soldiers  Expanded territory  Encouraged production/export of goods goods

Safavid Empire

Safavid images from Isfahan, Iran

Mughal Empire 1500s  Babur: failed in Asia, but was successful in starting an empire in India.

Mughals 1500s  Akbar:  Expanded territory  Got rid of tax for non-muslims and included Hindus in government! Tolerant of other religions and cultures!  United the empire  Popular styles included clothing, architecture and writings from Persia, Arabia and India.  Akbar:  Expanded territory  Got rid of tax for non-muslims and included Hindus in government! Tolerant of other religions and cultures!  United the empire  Popular styles included clothing, architecture and writings from Persia, Arabia and India.

Expansion of India under Akbar and his grandson, Shah Jahan

Mughal Empire 1600s  Shah Jahan has the Taj Mahal built to honor his wife’s memory.

Mughal Empire the end...  Aurangzeb imprisoned his father, Shah Jahan, for 8 years before Shah Jahan died.  Aurangzeb began taxing non- Muslims at a higher rate.  Aurangzeb persecuted Hindus and Sikhs.  Aurangzeb expanded too quickly and raised taxes even more.  Rebellions followed, and the British moved in and took over.  Let’s look at Ghandi!  Aurangzeb imprisoned his father, Shah Jahan, for 8 years before Shah Jahan died.  Aurangzeb began taxing non- Muslims at a higher rate.  Aurangzeb persecuted Hindus and Sikhs.  Aurangzeb expanded too quickly and raised taxes even more.  Rebellions followed, and the British moved in and took over.  Let’s look at Ghandi!