TOPIC 3.2 ENSURING ADEQUATED WATER RESOURCES AND STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MEET AGRICULTURAL, ENERGY AND URBAN NEEDS

WORLD WATER CRISIS WATER POVERTY. 2 BILLION OF POOR PEOPLE ( 32 % OF WORLD POPULATION) WHO LACK THE BASIC LEVELS OF SERVICES AND SECURITY: FOOD, WATER, SANITATION, ELECTRICITY.

WATER AND ENERGY RESOURCES SUSTAINABILTY GLOBAL CHANGES POPULATION GROWTH URBANIZATION SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CLIMATE CHANGE

High variant Medium variant Low variant Year billions WORLD POPULATION

WATER-STRESSED COUNTRIES WILL INCREASE TO 48 COUNTRIES WITH COMBINED POPULATION OF 3 BILLION.

URBANIZATION 60% to live in cities by % in 2050

The question is : How can the needs of an additional 3 billion people in the coming decades for food, water, energy, housing, etc. be met within the framework of sustainable development and conservation of the environment? KEY QUESTION ?

BENEFITS

IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURES  A consumptive water user  40% of agriculture output  Livelihood for 3 billion  17% of cultivated lands  270 million ha Dams Reservoirs, canals, hydraulic control structures and distribution infrastructures

DRAINAGE OF WATERLOGGED AND SALINE LANDS  80 million ha per year  Enhanced agr. productivity through: - recovery of saturated lands - reclamation of salt-laden lands Surface and subsurface drainage systems, pumping and outfalls infrastructures

DRINKING WATER Infrastructure built through the ages Mutiple-use canals, groundwater, reservoirs Water systems serve 4.8 billion people

WASTEWATER  Half the world’s population suffers from inadequate sanitation  Wastewater treatment is low in the developing nations, better in developed nations  Industrial wastewater has a lesser priority world-wide.

WATER AND HUMAN HEALTH 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhoea; deaths from malaria; child deaths from malnutrition; deaths from drowning.

INDUSTRIAL WATER Process Cooling Dilution Cleaning Waste treatment Washwaters Slurry transport Oil, gas, minerals, farming, forestry, fishing, agri-food, aerospace, automotive, biotechnology, clothing, chemicals, construction, drugs, information and communication tech, manufacturing, polymers, medical, pharmaceutical, printing, recreation, transportation, tourism, etc, etc, etc.

HYDROPOWER: 2,800 TWh/y ≈ 20% ELECTRICITY 95% RENEWABLES PREVENT EMISSION: MILLIONS TONNES CO 2

FLOOD MITIGATION  Safety for billions of people Dams, reservoirs, regulation works, protection dykes and pumping infrastructures

TRANSPORT WATER INFRASTRUCTURE  Billions in annual commerce  Billions in ships, barges, etc,

TOPIC 3.2 ENSURING ADEQUATED WATER RESOURCES AND STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MEET AGRICULTURAL, ENERGY AND URBAN NEEDS SESSIONS Ensuring Adequate Water Resources Development and Management (Quantity and Quality) for Sustainable Development Meeting human and environmental needs through Integrated Water Resources Management. Ensuring Adequate Storage Infrastructure to meet agricultural, energy and urban and rural needs. Ensuring infrastructure is applied to meet both human and environmental needs.

TOPIC 3.2 KEY ISSUES

Key challenges for the 21st Century are to resolve the major problems of water security and poverty. MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG´s). Humanity faces the challenge to reach the MDG´S 8 fundamental goals, 12 targets, and 48 indicators, by If these targets are to be achieved it is essential to solve the problems concerning water and energy.

KEY ISSUES Wastewater treatment infrastructures are essential for the human health and the good state of the river ecosystems. Half the world’s population suffers from inadequate sanitation. Wastewater treatment is low in the developing nations, better in developed nations.

KEY ISSUES Water infrastructures is linked to a country’s economic and social development situation. Developed countries that have constructed many infrastructures in the 20th Century, and have a high stock of infrastructure for water supply, sanitation, irrigation, etc. In developing countries the construction of new infrastructure and the regulation of water resources are vital for their development. This must take place in the context of improving in the efficiency of their existing systems, implementing integrated water resources management, and assessing, planning and developing infrastructure within the framework of sustainable development and the fight against poverty.

KEY ISSUES Experience in infrastructure development during the last century has revealed that large water and energy projects, including dams and reservoirs, can have major social and environmental impacts. Addressing these impacts while still providing the intended benefits of water infrastructure requires integrating the objectives of water management and the conservation of environmental and cultural resources. In response to the increasing decline of freshwater ecosystems, significant attention will be focused on defining environmental flow regimes within river basins.

KEY ISSUES Global changes resulting from population increase, urbanization, socio-economic development and, particularly, the likely impacts of climate change raise the issue of water infrastructure to a new national, regional and global priority. In this context of global environmental change, global water policy should consider investments in infrastructures, and investment should focus in areas where the infrastructure to provide access to water and sanitation is lacking, coupled with investment in capacity to use it.

KEY ISSUES Global water policy should adopt a balanced approach, within a framework of Integrated Water Resources Management that combines demand and resource management and resource development. To reach the MDG´S it is necessary to develop Integrated Water Resources Management strategies.

KEY ISSUES  All types and sizes of infrastructure are needed.  A diversified set of storage capacities should be considered. One size and/or type does not fit every situation; therefore, each storage project is subject to local conditions, and investment should take this into account.

KEY ISSUES Decisions concerning an infrastructure project should be made on the basis of an assessment of the full range of options available to meet specific needs, through an informed and participatory decision- making process involving all stakeholders together with affected and vulnerable groups.

KEY ISSUES Water infrastructure and storage provides important benefits to humans through irrigation, water supply, sanitation, hydropower, flood mitigation, navigation, and tourism. To meet growing demands of agriculture, energy and urban and rural needs, it will be necessary to develop new water infrastructure. However, a more sustainable approach is needed that considers all alternatives and ways to minimize negative impacts. A balanced approach is required to ensure that all parameters are taken into account.

TOPIC 3.2 ENSURING ADEQUATED WATER RESOURCES AND STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE TO MEET AGRICULTURAL, ENERGY AND URBAN NEEDS