RAPID : Working Together to enhance the quality of life of a people with great traditions 1

2 Urbanization in Nigeria What Can We Do? Population and Development: The Crucial Links Benin Population Dynamics

3 Urbanization in Nigeria

4 Nigeria is experiencing one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the world, with growth rates in urban areas almost double those in rural areas. Photo by Munir Squires

5 World Population Prospects 2009 Nigeria Urban/Rural Population By 2010, Nigeria became more urban than rural Urban Population Rural Population

6 Focusing on the urban population is key to Nigeria meeting its overall economic and development goals. Nigeria will not be able to meet the MDGs or Vision 2020 without addressing the growing urban population. Photo by Munir Squires

7  Providing adequate shelter for all  Poverty reduction and economic empowerment strategies  Ensuring environmental sustainability  Good governance and development “The Urbanization process is irreversible in Nigeria and must therefore be turned into opportunities for growth” Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Nigeria 2005 presentation Presentation by Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Nigeria 2005 Nigeria has a Vision for Urban Development The National Urban Development Policy Calls for:

8 A key factor is the rapid population growth in cities which makes it impossible for the government to: - Maintain and expand infrastructure - Provide adequate, high quality social services - Create an environment that is conducive to economic development Photo by Munir Squires However, the policy is not being implemented, resulting in a poor quality of life for city residents, especially among the urban poor.

9 Photo by Munir Squires NURHI is a Project that is Supporting Quality Family planning in 6 Nigerian Cities:  Ilorin  Abuja FCT  Ibadan  Kaduna  Zaria  Benin City NURHI aims to increase family planning by 20 percentage points in each city by providing quality services that couples can access.

10 Benin City’s Population Dynamics

11  Oredo LGA  Egor LGA  Ikpoba Okha LGA Photo by Munir Squires NURHI Focuses on 3 Urban Areas

million total population in 3 LGAs More than 200 maternal deaths per year 23% of married women use a modern method of family planning On average, each woman has more than 3 children Current Situation

Benin City has a young population There are more people in the non-working ages (younger than 15 and over 65) than the working ages Source: Benin City Population Structure 2011 Population of Benin City, projected using the 2006 census 13 FemaleMale 35% of population is under age 15 Male

14 Population and Development

15 A much larger working age population compared to the population in young dependent ages was a key factor in the Asian development miracle. Photo by Munir SquiresPhoto by Munir Squires Population and Economic Development are Linked  As families become smaller, dependency significantly declined  Greater emphasis on population quality than quantity meant increased investments by the state  More and better educational opportunities emerged  Greater productivity  Investment in modern agriculture

16 Another key component to the success of the Asian tigers was investment in family planning. This period of investment led to improved quality of life and escalated economic development

17 Only 1 in 5 married women want a child in the next 2 years Almost 20% of married women do not want any additional children More than half of married women say it would be a “big problem” if they were to become pregnant in the next few weeks NURHI/MLE Baseline Report 2010 Couples in Benin City want to Plan their Births

Scenario 2: Investment in Family Planning: What will happen if there is an investment in family planning and unmet need is met? Benin City has an opportunity to improve the quality of life of its population 2 Potential Futures: Scenario 1: Maintain Current Trends: What if things continued as they are now?

19 Population Projection Scenarios Projected Total Populations in 3 Benin City LGAs Benin NURHI Projection Benin Base Projection

Health Education Infrastructure Photo by Bonnie NURHI Photo by The Gates Foundation

21 “All stakeholders need to appreciate the linkages of population factors with broader development issues like housing, education, health, agriculture, energy, environment, gender concerns, food security and the security of life and liberty. Nigeria National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development : January 2004

22 Health

23 Family Planning Reduces Risky Births among women in the following categories: Too young:women who give birth before age 18 Too old:women who give birth after age 35 Too many:more than 5 births Too close:births spaced less than 24 months

24 Year Benin City base Projection Benin City NURHI Projection Risky Births Percentage of births with any risk factor

25 Maternal Deaths Averted 2,093 Maternal Deaths Averted 2011– Benin City NURHI Projection Benin City Base Projection 139 Maternal Deaths Averted 2011–2015

26 Under 5 Deaths Averted 6,775 55,346 Under 5 Averted 2011–2035 4,873 Benin City NURHI Projection Benin City Base Projection 3,133 Under 5 Deaths Averted 2011–2015

27 Year Benin City base Projection Benin City NURHI Projection Infant Mortality Rate Percentage of births with any risk factor Infant Deaths Averted: 2,031 between ,038 between

28 Reduces the number of maternal, infant, and child deaths Reduces the strain on health staff and infrastructure Free up resources that can be invested in strategies to improve quality and access to essential health services Increases life expectancy Health Benefits of Investing in Family Planning

29 Education

30 Primary School Aged Children Children aged 6–11 years old Benin City NURHI Projection Benin City Base Projection

31 Teacher/Student Ratio of 30:1 Primary Teachers Required Ilorin NURHI Projection Ilorin Base Projection

32 Current education policy in Nigeria goes beyond universal primary education and has set a target of universal basic education.

33 Basic Education Aged Children Primary and Junior Secondary (Ages 6–15) Benin City NURHI Projection Benin City Base Projection

34 Reduces the strain on teachers and infrastructure Assists in meeting the goal of universal basic education Free up resources that can be invested in strategies to improve the quality of education and prepare the next generation to participate in the global economy Education Benefits of Investing in Family Planning

35 Infrastructure

36 Average Household Size from MLE Baseline 2011 Housing Requirements Average household size of 3.9 people Benin City NURHI Projection Benin City Base Projection

37 Reduces the strain on housing requirements Reduces the amount of trash that is generated and help improve the sanitary condition of the city Likely lower the percentage of people living in slums or other forms of temporary housing Infrastructure Benefits of Investing in Family Planning Reduces the strain on roads, water and electricity.

38 What Can We Do?

39 Provide women and men access to the high quality family planning services they desire Support them in making their own family planning decisions

40 Policy Response Improving access and utilization of high quality family planning services will: Thereby support Benin City in reaching the MDGs and becoming a flourishing and prosperous city. Enable couples to space their children … Reducing the number of maternal and child deaths …

41  To create a budget line for family planning in the Edo state budget with the sum of 5 million naira  To create a multi sectoral/multi organizational approach to speaking out in support of family planning Photo by Munir Squires What Needs to be Done Right Now?

42 “Family Planning is something I support because we need to space our children, support safe motherhood and we need to take care of our children.” From thisdaylive.com 18 th November 2011 Nigeria’s Minister of Health November 2011