Digital Video Solutions to Final Exam 2013 Edited by Yang-Ting Chou Confirmed by Prof. Jar-Ferr Yang LAB: R, TEL: ext Page of MediaCore:

Announcement AVG: STDEV: MAX: 134 MIN: 72

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1 (5) Deblocking: Inverse 過程中變化係數有誤差, 造成 block 邊界的視覺上不連續

To deliver 3D contents, one simple and direct way is to combine both left and right view frames into single frame by a stereo packing formation such that the traditional coding and transmission system can transmit them as the normal 2D videos. 2 (a) (b) H-InterleavedV-InterleavedCheckerboardBottom-Up Side-by-Side Side-by-Side (Quincunx Packing) Temporal Interleaving

Side-by-Side Side-by-Side (Quincunx Packing) Side-by-side packing rearrangement Side-by-side quincunx packing rearrangement Upconversion Processing

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4 1.MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 adopt object based; H.264 and HEVC adopt block based. 2.The compression rate. (HEVC 約為 H.264 的 1/2; H.264 約為 MPEG-2, MPEG-4 的 1/2) 3.The applications (HEVC and H.264 主要是應用於視訊會議 ; MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 主要是應用於 CD 或 DVD)

(a) Reordered Block Data: 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, -1, … TotalCoeffs = 5 TotalZeros = 4 TrailingOne = 2 5 由後往前計算, 計算有幾個非 0 值 由後往前計算, 從第一個非 0 值往 前計算幾個 0 值 由後往前計算, 從第一個非 0 值往前計算幾個 +/-1 值, 若遇 到非 0 or 非 +/-1 值, 及停止 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, -1, …

(b) (1) nA=2, nB=4, nC = (nA + nB + 1)>>1=3 Coeff_token : ( 查表 )( TrailingOne = 2, TotalCoeffs = 5, nC = 3 ) (2) T1 (TrailingOne ) sign codes : 10 (  ) (3) Level codes : ( 查表 ) Level [2]: 1 (use Level_VLC0) 1 Level [1]: -2 (use Level_VLC1) 011 Level [0]: 1 (use Level_VLC1) 10 (4) TotalZeros code : 110 ( 查表 ) ( TotalZeros = 4, TotalCoeffs = 5 ) (5) Run_before codes : Run_before[4]: ZerosLeft=4; run_before=1 10 ( 查表 ) Run_before[3]: ZerosLeft=3; run_before=1 10 ( 查表 ) Run_before[2]: ZerosLeft=2; run_before=1 01 ( 查表 ) Run_before[1]: ZerosLeft=1; run_before=0 1 ( 查表 ) Run_before[0]: ZerosLeft=1; run_before=1 0 ( 查表 ) Note: Level (1), with a value of +2, is encoded as +1. If there are less than 3 T1s, then the first non-T1 level will not have a value of +/-1 (otherwise it would have been encoded as a T1). To save bits, this level is decremented if positive and incremented if negative. Reordered Block Data: 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, -1, … nA+nB+1=7 (111) (011)3 Shift 1

Table – coeff_token mapping to TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) and TrailingOnes( coeff_token ) TrailingOnes ( coeff_token ) TotalCoeff ( coeff_token ) 0 <= nC < 22 <= nC < 44 <= nC < 88 <= nCnC = =

Table – total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 1 to 7 total_zerosTotalCoeff( coeff_token ) Table – Tables for run_before run_beforezerosLeft >

6 The Advanced Image Coding (AIC) codec uses the existing algorithms from the H.264 and JPEG standards by modifying a bit to fit the needs of the codec. More specifically, it combines intra frame block prediction from H.264 with a JPEG- style discrete cosine transform, followed by context adaptive binary arithmetic coding as used in H.264 JPEG XR: AIC: JPEG XR (abbr. for JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo). It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents. (7%) (8%) AIC: DCT, Prediction, … JPEG-XR: PCT, Hierarchical Transform, … (5%)

7 Intra Mode Inter Mode Search Range Search Type CU-based Mode Decision …

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9 (a) (b) Try all possible QP values and pick up the best one.