Computers and Business

Retail Kiosks Kiosks Point-of-sale terminals Point-of-sale terminals UPC UPC Debit cards Debit cards Social computing Social computing Electronic data interchange Electronic data interchange

Banking and Finance Cashless society Cashless society Phone transfers Phone transfers ATM ATM Debit card Debit card

Stock Market Share tracking Share tracking Wireless transactions on trading floor Wireless transactions on trading floor Online trading Online trading

Manufacturing Robotics Robotics Multimedia Multimedia Computer aided design/manufacturing Computer aided design/manufacturing Just-in-time manufacturing Just-in-time manufacturing Virtual reality Virtual reality

Advertising and Marketing Television Television Radio Radio Print Print Internet Internet

Goals of Technology Increase productivity Increase productivity Reduce resources needed to complete tasks Reduce resources needed to complete tasks Improve standard of living Improve standard of living Improve efficiency Improve efficiency Increase reliability Increase reliability

Usual Result of Technological Advances Cost of product goes down Cost of product goes down Market expands Market expands Jobs are created Jobs are created new types new types more workers of each type more workers of each type

Society and Changing Technology Higher standard of living Higher standard of living Better services Better services Better goods Better goods Potential for higher incomes Potential for higher incomes Production of goods is more knowledge based Production of goods is more knowledge based

Changing Nature of Work Elimination of jobs Elimination of jobs Creation of jobs Creation of jobs Reduced work hours Reduced work hours More leisure More leisure Increased need for training Increased need for training

Computer vs. Other Technologies Eliminate wider variety of jobs Eliminate wider variety of jobs Eliminate more high skilled jobs Eliminate more high skilled jobs Pace of improvement in speed and capacity is much faster Pace of improvement in speed and capacity is much faster Continual retraining Continual retraining

Job Creation ATM machine builders ATM machine builders Programmers Programmers Designers Designers Marketers Marketers Manufacturers Manufacturers Computer repair people Computer repair people Trainers Trainers Network technicians Network technicians Cable technicians Cable technicians Help desk support Help desk support Telemarketers Telemarketers Customer service Customer service Web page designers Web page designers

Job Destruction Gas/meter reader Gas/meter reader Sales clerks Sales clerks Bank tellers Bank tellers Railroad Railroad Travel agents Travel agents Police officers Police officers Librarians Librarians Mechanics Mechanics Toll booth operators Toll booth operators Gas station attendants Gas station attendants Secretaries Secretaries Receptionists Receptionists Drafters Drafters Film processors Film processors

Income and Productivity Hourly wages dropped Hourly wages dropped Work less to do same thing Work less to do same thing Productivity increases Productivity increases Efficiency increases Efficiency increases Lower wages? Increase business? Lower costs? Lower wages? Increase business? Lower costs?

Jobs of the Future Some knowledge of computer technology Some knowledge of computer technology Fewer jobs for people with lower skills and education Fewer jobs for people with lower skills and education Pay level Pay level high - highly skilled high - highly skilled low - no skill low - no skill

Lifetime of Learning Necessary to succeed? Necessary to succeed?

Computers and Job Hunting Fastest growing occupations through 2006 Fastest growing occupations through 2006 computer scientists computer scientists computer engineers computer engineers systems analysts systems analysts network specialists network specialists

Growth in Employment Data entry personnel Data entry personnel Computer operators Computer operators Computer technicians Computer technicians Systems analysts Systems analysts Programmers Programmers Database administrators Database administrators

Finding that Job Job-search service on Internet Job-search service on Internet Regional info Regional info Advise Advise Interview help Interview help Resume help Resume help

Emergence of Telework Work away from normal office Work away from normal office At home (programmers) At home (programmers) From home (salespeople) From home (salespeople) At Work Centers (telecottages or satellite offices) At Work Centers (telecottages or satellite offices)

Telework Issues Worker anonymity Worker anonymity Employers can better monitor Employers can better monitor Employees, work, communications, movements Employees, work, communications, movements Affects productivity, privacy, morale of employees Affects productivity, privacy, morale of employees Emergence of health issues Emergence of health issues

Benefits to Company Reduced overhead - creates office space Reduced overhead - creates office space Skill retention Skill retention Increased productivity Increased productivity Reduces rush hour traffic Reduces rush hour traffic Expanded geographic range Expanded geographic range Reduced absenteeism Reduced absenteeism Improved morale Improved morale

Benefits to Employees No commute time/costs No commute time/costs Reduced clothing costs Reduced clothing costs Reduced child care costs Reduced child care costs Greater autonomy and freedom Greater autonomy and freedom Decreased distractions Decreased distractions Flexible location Flexible location

Benefits to Everyone Reduction of traffic Reduction of traffic Reduction of costs of transportation infrastructure Reduction of costs of transportation infrastructure Reduction of environmental damage Reduction of environmental damage

Equipment Needed Computer Computer Modem Modem Printer Printer Internet service Internet service Telephone line(s) Telephone line(s) Fax Fax Answering machine Answering machine File transfer capabilities File transfer capabilities

Safety Issues Ergonomic equipment (covered later) Ergonomic equipment (covered later) Security Security

Telework Job Characteristics Large degree of autonomy Large degree of autonomy Intrinsically satisfying Intrinsically satisfying Routine communications Routine communications Agreed job specs and time tables Agreed job specs and time tables Involve travel Involve travel Require quiet time to think Require quiet time to think

Problems Isolation Isolation No direction from supervisor No direction from supervisor Low morale Low morale Work too little or too much Work too little or too much Reduction in important inter-office communication Reduction in important inter-office communication Reduced opportunities for advancement Reduced opportunities for advancement

Employee Monitoring Creation of new ways to monitor Creation of new ways to monitor Old ways are more efficient Old ways are more efficient

Employee Monitoring Methods Electronic - details of performance (keystrokes, time spent) Electronic - details of performance (keystrokes, time spent) Physical surveillance Physical surveillance Cameras Cameras Car location Car location Electronic ID badges Electronic ID badges Customer service telephone work Customer service telephone work Access to info (i.e. files, ) Access to info (i.e. files, )

Health Issues Radiation Radiation Wrist problems Wrist problems Repetitive Strain Injury Repetitive Strain Injury Blurred vision Blurred vision

Responses to Health Issues Ergonometric solutions Ergonometric solutions Role of management in supervision Role of management in supervision Legal issues - lawsuits Legal issues - lawsuits