American Imperialism
Stages of Imperialism Imperialism = one nation extending its power or control over other lands/countries. Desire for military strength: Build a larger Navy and Military Economic Interests: foreign trade, unemployment solution, solution to economic depression. Belief in Cultural Superiority: Free market trade would lead to the survival of the fittest. Nationalism: love for one’s country
Seward’s Icebox William Seward convinces U.S. to by Alaska in Bought from Russia for $7.2 Million. Oil and gold Found there 1959 it becomes a state.
Taking Hawaii America goes to plant Sugarcane 1887 King Kalakaua tries to kick Americans out American Sugar growers or the Hawaiian League makes him sign the bayonet Constitution Hawaiians couldn’t vote and Pearl Harbor is given to U.S. Military 1890 U.S. Government Revokes tax free importation of sugar from Hawaii
Taking Hawaii 1893 Queen Liliuokalani decides to restore power to Hawaiian Monarchy John L. Stevens American minister to Hawaii starts a rebellion calling in 20,000 Marines to take the island Sanford B. Dole a sugar tycoon becomes the new president of Hawaii Claims Hawaii as a protectorate of the U.S. and tries to get it annex
Taking Hawaii Grover Cleveland does not agree with what has happened William McKinley once president annex’s Hawaii in 1898 Becomes 50 th State in 1959
Trade with China Russia, France, Germany, and U.K. were trading with China. Spheres of Influence = geographic area where an outside nation exerts special economic or political control U.S. Secretary of State John Hay suggests the Open Door Policy or trading rights to all nations with China
Boxer Rebellion Antiforeigner sentiments grew because of the new competition for China The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists or the Boxers They siege the capital city of Beijing = Boxer Rebellion 1901 the fight was over and the Open Door Policy gains support
Spanish American War 1868 Cubans revolt against Spanish Rule Jose Marti a writer pushes a revolution General Valeriano Weyler is sent by Spain to crush the revolution Locks civilians up so they couldn’t fuel the rebels
Yellow Journalism = Style of sensational reporting. Helped to gain support for American intervention in War and to sell papers William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World started this trend
De Lome Letter President McKinley did not want to join in the war. Enrique Dupuy de Lome Spain’s Minister to the U.S. writes the de Lome Letter It criticizes president McKinley calling him “weak and catering to the rabble” McKinley in response sends the USS Maine to Havana
Remember the Maine Once arriving in Havana the main is sunk on Feb 15 th, 1898 killing 260 sailors This pushed the U.S. into War. U.S. battle cry became “Remember the Maine”
Battle in Cuba U.S. soldiers poorly equipped Rough Riders = Volunteer Calvary led by Theodore Roosevelt Captured Santiago and soon took Kettle and San Juan Hills Buffalo Soldiers = All Black Regiments led the charge Soon after the capture of San Juan Hill Spain surrendered 2000 U.S. dead $250 Million cost
Fight in the Philippines U.S. sends George Dewey to take Philippine island from Spain. Emilio Aguinaldo the Filipino rebel leader helps U.S. U.S. wins Aug 14 th 1898
Treaty for Peace Spain gave up Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to U.S. U.S. buys The Philippine Islands from Spain for $20 Million Emilio Aguinaldo leads a rebellion against U.S. and we win 4000 U.S. dead 220,000 Filipino’s dead
Cuban Future Platt Amendment = limited Cuba’s ability to sign treaties, U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs, Cuba had to lease land to the U.S. for Naval use “ Guantanamo Bay” and Coal. Cuba was now a Protectorate or a country under the control and protection of another country
Puerto Rico’s Future Foraker Act = U.S. would appoint Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house and the Puerto Rican voters would elect the lower house 1917 U.S. gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and their voters could elect all their legislative representatives.
Panama Canal France starts building in 1880’s They give up due to Yellow Fever deaths Walter Reed and Carlos Juan Finlay worked to find a cure for Yellow Fever U.S. in 1902 buys the building rights from France 1903 Columbian government would not allow U.S. to build canal Rebellion breaks out and Roosevelt helps After the revolution we gain land from a fee Panama.
Monroe Doctrine 1823 declared the Western hemisphere of the world was off limits to colonization by European Nations Roosevelt Corollary = “Speak softly and carry a big stick” U.S. pledged to use armed force to prevent and European country from seizing territory in the Western Hemisphere. Also all loans would be paid back to European countries
Taft and Wilson’s Plans Dollar Diplomacy = “Taft” A policy aimed at furthering the interests of the United States abroad by encouraging the investment of U.S. capital in foreign countries. Moral Diplomacy = “Wilson” use of persuasion and American ideas to advance the nations interests abroad.