The Environment Chapter 2 Landforms Latitude & Climate

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Presentation transcript:

The Environment Chapter 2 Landforms Latitude & Climate South America Middle America Latitude & Climate Climatic Factors World Climate Zones – Latin America Altitudinal Zonation

Landforms Andes – 100 million years Brazilian Highlands Mt. Aconcagua (6,962 m) (Highest elev. in Americas) Brazilian Highlands 300 million years Mato Grosso Plateau Paraná Plateau – Iguazu Falls (Paraná R.) Sertão – São Francisco R. Patagonian Plateau Guiana Highlands Tepuis – Mt. Roraima Angel Falls – 979 m/3,212’ (Highest on Earth) Lowlands Amazon Basin – Amazon R. Llanos – Orinoco R. Gran Chaco Pampa – Paraná R. LLANOS Angel Falls Mt. Roraima SERTÃO GRAN CHACO Iguazu Falls PARANÁ PLATAEU

The Ring of Fire

Plate Tectonics

Subduction

Plate Tectonics in Central America

Middle America MESA DEL NORTE MESA CENTRAL SIERRA MAESTRA

MESA CENTRAL

SIERRA MAESTRA CENTRAL VOLCANIC AXIS

Latitude & Climate Northern Hemisphere Subtropical Belt Tropical Belt Humid Tropics – year-round rainfall Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Tropical Wet-and-Dry – wet season and dry season Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Belt Southern Hemisphere Temperate Mid-Latitude Belt El Niño

T r o p i c s Latitudinal Belts Northern Hemisphere Sub-Tropical Belt Tropic of Cancer – 23.5°N Tropical Wet and Dry – rainy & dry seasons Tropical Wet – rainy all year T r o p i c s Equator – 0° Tropical Wet – rainy all year Tropical Wet and Dry – rainy & dry seasons Tropic of Capricorn – 23.5°S Southern Hemisphere Sub-Tropical Belt 35°S Southern Hemisphere Mid-Latitude Belt Latitudinal Belts

Climatic Factors Latitude – Earth/sun relationship Ocean currents/Gyres Atmospheric pressure belts Continentality Aspect Rain shadow Prevailing Winds World climate zones Altitude – Life Zones

Ocean Currents - Gyres Humboldt

Atmospheric Pressure Belts Subtropical High Equatorial Low (ITCZ) Northern Tropics Wet season: May – October Southern Tropics Wet season October – March Wet season = “winter/invierno” Dry season = “summer/verano” Prevailing Winds “Trade Winds”

Humid Tropical (Tropical Rainforest) Tropical Wet & Dry (Tropical Savanna) Steppe Desert Humid Subtropical/Maritime Upland Wet & Dry (Temperate Savanna) Mediterranean

Altitudinal Life Zones in Tropical Latin America - Found in mountainous Middle and South America Temperature decreases with altitude Has a great impact of which crops can be grown where (Puna & Páramo)