AP World History POD #14 – Age of Transition Hundred Years War

Class Discussion Questions McKay – “The Hundred Years War (ca 1337-1453), pp. 387-393

What were the underlying causes of the Hundred Years War? Circa 1337 – 1453 England v. France 1259 – Treaty of Paris – the English king agreed to become for himself and his successors – vassal of the French crown for the duchy of Aquitaine – both England and France therefore laid claim to Aquitaine

What was the trigger event of the Hundred Years War? 1337 – Philip (France) attempted to acquire this land – England saw this as a violation of the Treaty of Paris and a cause for war

What issues in France complicated the fighting of the Hundred Years War? This turned into a war between England and France as well as a civil war in France Both England and France manipulated public opinion to gather support for the war

Who was Joan of Arc? Born a peasant girl 1428 - she heard voices telling her that the uncrowned French King Charles VII had to be crowned and the English expelled from France – motivated French victory at the Battle of Orleans She approached the French Court with this message persuading them to crown Charles VII as king 1430 – captured and sold to England Put on trial for witchcraft – found guilty – burned at the stake She is given credit for saving the French monarchy and leading France to victory in the Hundred Years War She was canonized as a Saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920

What was the immediate and long term effect of the Hundred Years War? Opportunity for wealth and advancement – poor knights who were unemployed were promised regular pay, criminals were granted pardons, great nobles hoped to acquire large estates as they were able to keep what they seized The aristocratic code of chivalry began to disappear Artillery was used in the west for the first time Just years after the Black Death thousands more were killed on English and French battlefields Farmland was ruined Heavy taxation was needed to fund the war Chaos spread as the knights who patrolled the land at home keeping law and order were off fighting England developed a strong Parliament to regulate taxation – this along with the German Diets and Spanish Cortes set the stage for representative democracy in the future Nationalism emerged