 Chapter 17 Section 3

 Protestant Reformation  Indulgences  Lutheran  Theocracy  Protestant  Peace of Augsburg  Henry VIII  Annul  Anglican

 Gained power and wealth  Influence, worldliness, and extravagance  Strayed from its spiritual roots  Protestant Reformation- a protest movement against the Catholic church

 Financial corruption  Abuse of power  Immorality  Church taxed people for renaissance projects  1500’s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint Peter’s Basiclica

 Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce a person’s time in purgatory  Thousand years people believed you worked off your sins in purgatory Indulgences – one of the most criticized activities

 Nationalism or devotion to a particular country was growing  People thought of themselves as citizens, separate from the church

 John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up its worldly possessions  Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church

 Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII  Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake  First influential theologians to openly criticize the church

 Selling indulgences was sinful  Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of the church  Luther’s theses were for church leaders  Written in Latin and nailed to a church door  His actions began the Reformation(religious movement)

 Not meant to be discussed at universities  Printing press helped them to spread throughout Europe  Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople  Made sense to many people and they wanted reform

 Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs  God’s grace can not be won by good works  Also need faith  Jesus was the head of the Christian church not the pope

 Christians should interpret the Bible  Christian practices should come from the bible  Translated the Bible into German  More people could read it without the aid of the clergy

 1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him  1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy Roman Emperor o Charles IV o German Diet o City of Worms o Luther refused to change his opinions

 Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings  Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his ideas  1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of Christianity

 1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans  Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio or protest  Term protestant came into being

 Luther stood against the Catholic Church  Opened the door to other religions  Lutheranism arose in Germany  Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe

 22 year old priest  Established a church in Switzerland based on theocracy  Theocracy-government in which church and state are joined  Martin Luther opposed this

 Luther accused him of tampering with the word of God  Swiss Protestants could not win Luther’s support  Catholics and Swiss Protestants fought  Zwingli died in battle

 Next most important Protestant reformer  1509 born in France  Supported Luther’s reforms  Predestination-God knows who will be saved even before they are born

 God guides their lives  Nothing they can do good or bad to change that  Calvinism took root in Switzerland  Viewed people as sinful by nature

 Strict laws put in place to regulate behavior o Geneva- church attendance was mandatory o Number and courses of meals o Color of clothing o Feasting, dancing, singing, wearing jewelry were forbidden

 Strictness- heart of Calvinists appeal  Sense of mission and discipline  Making world fit for the elect  Elect were the chosen ones

 John Knox-spokesman for reformation in Scotland  Replaced the Roman Catholic Church  Presbyterian denomination

 Anabaptists- rebaptizing adults  Was a crime punishable by death at the time  Latter evolved into several religious factions(Amish, Mennonites)

 King Henry VIII became king at 17  Devout Catholic  Wrote protests against Luther’s ideas  1529 Henry’s wife had a girl, wanted a male heir  Thought girl would weaken England

 Henry wanted the marriage annulled  Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid based on church laws  Pope offered several solutions did not grant annulment

 Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree on it (Catherine’s cousin)  Henry fell in love with Bobelyn

 Summoned by Henry  Declaration that England was no longer under authority of the pope  Changed rituals of the Church  Closed Catholic monasteries

 Distributed much of the land to his nobles  Helped build more support for the split  1533 Henry and Bobelyn married  Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine annulled

 Anne gave birth to a girl  Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy o Take oath to declare Henry the “Supreme head of the Church of England”  Split with Rome complete

 Henry VIII had six wives o Edward VI the male heir o King at 9 o Died before 16 o Sister becomes queen  Mary returned to authority of the pope

 Hundreds of people burned at the stake  Called Bloody Mary  Little sorrow for Mary’s death  Elizabeth I was protestant  Draft Supremacy Act of 1559

 Split England from Rome  Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new queen  Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic  Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of England or the Anglican

 Elizabeth brought religious peace  Protestant Priests could marry  1500’s began thinking of building an American Empire  Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen