Europe’s Middle Ages 476-1400 (app) CE How does art and architecture reflect the values of a society? What does Medieval architecture say about the church?

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Presentation transcript:

Europe’s Middle Ages (app) CE How does art and architecture reflect the values of a society? What does Medieval architecture say about the church?

What does architecture reflect or tell us about the values of the people who built a particular structure? Burj Khalifa, Dubai: world’s tallest building

Typical Romanesque church

The Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, The Pentagon is the world's largest office building by floor area, with about 6,500,000 sq ft

Angkor Wat, Cambodian temple, 12 th century, 1,000,000 square feet, Angkor Cambodia.

Romanesque (5 th centuries and beyond) versus Gothic (after 12 th centuries)

Typical Romanesque church

“Romanesque” style cathedral—early Middle Ages: Walls support ceiling and structure

Romanesque style church, Besalu, Catalan (Spain)

Abbey Church, Fontenay,

Gothic Cathedral (after mid-12 th century): Late Middle Ages “Flying Buttresses” support structure

“Flying Buttresses”

Typical interior of a Gothic Cathedral

La Sainte Chapelle, Paris: pointed “Gothic” arches and ‘flooded’ with light

Crucifixtion, detail of a window from St. Remi, Reims 1190 CE

As with stained glass, medieval sculpture was used to tell biblical stories to illiterate villagers.

Aerial view of Chartres Cathedral, begun 1194 CE, built in cross design

Ribbed ceiling: champ_etie_amb.htm, Châlons-en-Champagne (France), Cathédrale Saint-Etienne, 12th – 17th centurieshttp:// champ_etie_amb.htm Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Interior view of the crossing, , Amiens (France) portal with figures: Flying buttresses: View of choir, light: From balcony: Ribbed ceiling: champ_etie_amb.htm, Châlons-en-Champagne (France), Cathédrale Saint-Etienne, 12th – 17th centurieshttp:// champ_etie_amb.htm

Romanesque versus Gothic Cathedrals Early Middle Ages (Romanesque) Thick walls to support roofs Few windows structures were shorter Roman rounded arch Late Middle Ages (Gothic) Flying Buttresses didn’t require thick walls Many windows, light filled Tall structures—vertical, not horizontal Gothic pointed arch Designed to leave viewer in awe (to glorify God); sense of dominance

The Church Forms and Evolves: from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages Jesus’ message of equality, advocacy for the poor  Endorse feudal hierarchy and salvation in the afterlife (suffering glorified). Separate from political power  Political power, helped nobility maintain caste system Invite conversion  Military conversion (Crusades) and pressure to convert in Western Europe Jesus’ resurrection  Crucifixtion: violence is sacred, Jesus died for people’s sins Symbol Conversion Political Equality Power

Medieval art

Gargoyles, Notre Dame Cathedral, France

Monasticism and Monastic Values Origin: 4-5 th centuries, around Mediterranean Purpose: enforce tradition, write manuscripts, isolated from urban areas Values: Pope Gregory ( ): Gregorian Chant Study and hard labor (book copying and illustration, upkeep of monastery) Communalism—lacking individualism. Austerity (simplicity)—focus on spirituality, poverty

Monasticism and Monastic Values Origins: Purpose Values: How did the Catholic Church transform during the Middle Ages? Endorse feudal hierarchy and salvation in the afterlife (suffering glorified). Political power—helped nobility maintain caste system Military conversion (crusades) Jesus Crucifixion (violence is sacred) Name___________________________

Romanesque versus Gothic (draw on this!) Romanesque Gothic