Chapter 6

 If a cell style will be used over and over again it can be modified in the cell styles gallery  Home ⇒ Cell Styles ⇒ right-click a style and select modify  Home ⇒ Cell Styles ⇒ New Cell Style

 To add a row/column  Select row/column where new column should appear  Home ⇒ Insert ⇒ Insert Sheet Rows/Columns ▪ New inserted rows are inserted above the selected row ▪ New inserted columns are inserted to the left of the selected column  To delete a row/column  Select a cell  Home ⇒ Delete ⇒ Delete Sheet Rows/Columns

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 Function:  Performs a calculation that results in a single value  Requires data, called arguments, to perform its calculations  Arguments  Enclosed cell references in parenthesis =SUM(G1:G3)  Most commonly used functions are:  SUM  AVERAGE  MIN  MAX Function Argument

 Absolute Cell Reference  A cell that does not change when copied  Contains a dollar sign ($) in front of both the column letter and row number ($A$1)  To create ▪ Press F4 key after entering cell reference  Mixed Cell Reference  Combination of a relative and absolute cell reference ▪ $A1 ▪ Column is absolute ▪ Row is relative

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 Instead of typing a function  Formulas ⇒ Insert Function  Can also be inserted by clicking a button in the Function Library group on the Formulas tab

 A cell with an invalid formula displays an error value and a green triangle in the upper-left corner of the cell.  #DIV/0 the formula is trying to divide by zero  #REF the formula contains a reference that is not valid  #NUM a numeric value is invalid, such as a value is too large or too small  #VALUE the formula is using the wrong type of argument, such as a label instead of a value  #### the result of the formula is too wide to fit in the column or the result is a negative time or data value

 Some formulas may produce a result, but also display a green triangle in the cell, which indicates a possible formula error  To correct a formula  Select the cell  Click Error Checking to display the error and a list of options  Common Formula Errors  Formula Omits Adjacent Cells ▪ The formula includes a range of values and the range does not include a value in an adjacent cell  Inconsistent Formula in Region ▪ The formula does not match the pattern of formulas near it

 To check the entire worksheet for errors:  Formulas → Error Checking  A dialog box will be displayed with options for correcting common errors that are found

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 The ROUND Function  Changes a value by rounding it to a specific number of decimal places  Different than formatting to a certain number of decimal places ▪ Changes the actual number value while formatting just changes the way the number looks

 Sorting  Arranging data in a specified order ▪ Select a range ▪ Data ⇒ Sort A to Z or Sort Z to A  Ascending ▪ Low to high (A to Z) ▪ Alphabetical order  Descending ▪ High to low (Z to A)  Chronological Order ▪ When data is times or dates ▪ Ascending order

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 The IF Function  Used to make a decision based on a comparison  Has 3 arguments ▪ =IF(,, ) ▪ =IF(C4<E7, 10, 20) ▪ Can contain ▪ Values ▪ Text ▪ Cell references ▪ calculations  Comparison argument must contain one of the following relational operators ▪ = equal to<= less than or equal to ▪ = greater than or equal to ▪ > greater than<> not equal to

 Orientation  Portrait ▪ Allows more rows to be printed on a sheet  Landscape ▪ Allows more columns to be printed on a sheet  Change margins  Insert Page Breaks  Set Print Area

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 Amortization  Method for computing equal periodic payments for an installment loan ▪ Car loans ▪ Mortgages ▪ Each portion consists of two parts ▪ A portion to pay interest ▪ A portion to pay on the principal  Amortization Table  Displays the interest and principal amounts for each payment of an installment loan  PMT Function  Used to calculate the equal periodic payment for an installment loan ▪ =PMT(,, )

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 Multiple sheets  Can be used to organize, store, and link related information  To insert a new sheet ▪ Home ⇒ Insert ⇒ Insert Sheet  To print entire workbook ▪ File ⇒ Print ⇒ click Print Active Sheets ⇒ select Print Entire Workbook

 Copying and Moving  Cut, Copy and Paste buttons on Home tab ▪ Select the Source ▪ Home ⇒ Cut/Copy ▪Click sheet tab of the worksheet that is to receive the copied data ▪Select destination where data to be pasted ▪Home ⇒ Paste

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 What If question  Asks how a value or set of values impacts results  Spreadsheet model  A worksheet that includes related data and formulas for analyzing the data  What If analysis  Used to make predictions  Data ⇒ What-if Analysis ⇒ Scenario Manager  Create possible scenarios  Select Show to display a scenario in the active worksheet  Select Summary to create a scenario report on a separate sheet

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