How to improve civil society's participation in the fight against corruption? Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption Suh, Jaesik

Contents  Corruption Prevention & Citizens’ Participation  Relations between Gov’t & Civil Society  Ways of Civil Society’s Participation in the fight against Corruption  Closing

I.Corruption Prevention & Citizens’ Participation 1. Importance of Civil Society’s Participation 1) Efforts made by the gov’t alone are not enough to eradicate corruption. 2) It is the responsibility of every Bhutanese to act against corruption in our country. (Royal Kasho)

I.Corruption Prevention & Citizens’ Participation Who will act against corruption in this country? All Bhutanese = public sector + private sector + civil society Civil Society= Media NGOs Ordinary citizens

(1)Changes in Relations between the Government and Citizens II. Relations between Gov’t & Civil Society object of rule and control voters customers partnersowners past present Administration as a ruler trusteemanagerpartner Administration under citizens’ supervision Gov’t Citizens Source: Vigoda, Eran “From responsiveness to collaboration: Governance, citizens, and the next generation of public administration,” PAR, 62:5

(2) Role of Gov’t & Citizens in the 21st Century.  Reestablishment of the status  civil society: as consumers and partners rather than the object of rule and control  Gov’t: as a manager, a partner and a supporter, distancing itself from a ruler

III. Ways of Civil society’s Participation in the fight against corruption 1. Infrastructure for civil society’s participation in the fight against corruption 1) Education and awareness raising on anti-corruption What is corruption? How do they confront corruption? 2) Trust in the government (In particular, public trust and support for ACC is very important)

3) Access to Information Information Disclosure System If there are difficulties in obtaining information, people cannot make a clear judgment on gov’t activities and play their watchdog role over state affairs - USA(1966), Korea(1997) III. Ways of Civil society’s Participation in the fight against corruption

Information Disclosure System Exceptions Information related to the national security, defense, unification, diplomacy and others which has high possibility of inflicting negative results on the nation if disclosed. III. Ways of Civil society’s Participation in the fight against corruption

4) Atmosphere of promoting reports on corrupt practices Hot Line for a corruption report A s hort and easy number ex) 111, 113, 118 System of protecting those who made a report on corruption. III. Ways of Civil society’s Participation in the fight against corruption

2. Types of Civil Society Participation in the Fight against Corruption (1)System allowing citizens to request an enactment or reform of ordinances (2) System guaranteeing citizen’s right to request inspection III. Ways of Civil society’s Participation in the fight against corruption

(3) Citizen’s Recall System  For heads of upper level local governments, a minimum of 10% of voters is required to seek a recall. (4) Ombudsman III. Ways of Civil society’s Participation in the fight against corruption

Ombudsman  Characteristics of classical ombudsman : ① overseeing administration and maintaining its political neutrality with legally guaranteed independence ② handling complaints on injustice, wrongdoings and irregularities concerning administrative bodies. ③ having the rights to investigate, criticize and disclose administrative policies but not making direct correction.

Integrity ombudsman (Case of Seoul Metropolitan Government)  Carrying out duties independently within its mandate, focusing on corruption prevention, supervision improvement, and fair bidding, contracts and enforcement. Ombudsman

IV. Closing Let’s make Bhutan the( ) through the Collaboration between Civil Society & Government Beautiful Honorable Unbelievably Transparent and Accountable Nation

Thank You!