History Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Cloth Inspector 1684.

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Presentation transcript:

History Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Cloth Inspector 1684

“wee animalcules” Reported to the Royal Academy of Science

Louis Pasteur - 1822- 1895 French Chemist “Chance Favors the Prepared Mind” - Spontaneous Generation 1864 Swan-necked Flask Ignored Spores

John Tyndall 1. Tyndall box 2. Tyndallization - Helped Pasteur Twice Air 2. Tyndallization Method to sterilize heat sensitive materials Boil Incubate Boil Incubate Boil Sterile

Germ theory Pasteur – Wine disease Lady Montagu

Lady Montagu , 1718 Introduced variolation to England

Edward Jenner 1798 Smallpox vaccination Smallpox eradicated 1979

Ignaz Semmelweis, 1850 Asked Doctors to wash hands between patients

Joseph Lister ,1867 Introduced antiseptics to hospital

Robert Koch Anthrax Koch’s postulates

Koch’s Postulates 1. Suspected pathogen always present in diseased animal 2. Isolated microorganism in pure culture 3. Re-inoculate healthy organism with pure culture and cause disease 4. Re-isolate the pathogen in pure culture Began the Concept of “Guinea Pig”? Lead to Discovery of the Cause of Tuberculosis

Chicken Cholera Pasteur at his best? Attempted Koch’s postulates Used old (attenuated) cultures Re-inoculates Chicken Protective “Vaccine”

Pasteur’s Chicken Cholera Experiment 2nd Experiment 1st Experiment Fresh Culture Old Culture Attenuated Virulent Vaccinated Healthy Chickens Live Chicken Dead Chickens

Rabies Vaccine Charles Chamberland Filterable “Viruses” Farmer’s Cure? Dried Spinal Tissue Attenuated Virus? Joseph Meister First Rabies Vaccine

Antimicrobial Agents Paul Ehrlich Agent 606 Domagk - Prontosil Alexander Fleming 1929 - Penicillin Alexander Fleming

Selman Waksman, 1942 Streptomycin Rutgers's Waksman Institute

Modern Molecular Microbiology Watson&Crick 1953

Kohler & Milstein 1979 - Monoclonal Antibodies George Kohler Cesar Milstein

Boyer & Cohen 1975 - Recombinant DNA

Woese & Fox Archaea – 1977 Carl Woese George Fox

Stanley Pruisner 1981 Prions

Human Immunodeficiency Virus – AIDS 1983 Luc Montagnier Robert Gallo

Genomics Kary Mullis – 1988 Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR – “DNA copying”

Craig Venter , Hamilton Smith & Claire Fraser 1995 Bacterial Genome Haemophilus influenzae

Human Genome Sequence Venter & Collins 2000? TIGR

Ed Delong Marine Archaea Proteorhodopsin SAR

Metagenomics Craig Venter

Craig Ventor & Clyde Hutchinson 2010 Synthetic Cells? Craig Ventor & Clyde Hutchinson 2010

History Word List Antonio van Semmelweis Attenuation Leeuwenhoek Lister 1867 Chamberland 1684 Robert Koch Viruses Spontaneous Anthrax 1876 Alexander Generation Koch’s Fleming 1864 Postulates 1929 Louis Pasteur Tuberculosis Waksman Germ Theory Chicken Watson Lady Montagu Cholera Crick 1953 Jenner 1798 Vaccine 1975

Word list 2 George Kohler & Cesar Milstein, 1979 Monoclonal Antibodies Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer Recombinant DNA Carl Woese & George Fox, 1977 Archaea Stanley Pruisner, 1981 Prions Kary Mullins, 1988 PCR Craig Venter & Hamilton Smith, 1995 Human Genome Project 2000

Microbiology Timeline