Intervention for Chronic and Emergency Exposure Situations Module IX Basic Concepts for Emergency preparedness and Response for a nuclear accident or radiological emergency Generic Response Organization Lecture IAEA Post Graduate Educational Course in Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts2 Introduction – Organization and Authority l Lessons learned from past emergencies: n Not clear who was in charge sNot a single overall commander n Authority not given n Difficulty expanding n Difficulty integrating assets as they arrived n Directing the response from a distance n More than one location/person: sTried to direct the response sTalked to the media sCo ordained radiological data

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts3 Introduction Solution: The Incident Command System (ICS) l In the latest guidance n (EPR-Method, Appendix 13) l Used in many States to organize the response to organize the response to ANY Emergency ANY Emergency l Based on experience with wild fires fires

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts4 Content l Emergency Response Organization n Overall response organization sWhat is an Incident Command System? n Facility response organization l Incident Command System (ICS) n Principles upon which an ICS is based n Basic structure on of an ICS including the five major components n General organization of a small response n General organization of a large response

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts5 ICS Needs ICS Needs l Respond anywhere l Cope with a rapidly evolving response l Allow rapid integration of assets as they arrive l Allow expansion of the response

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts6 An ICS is Used for All Types of Emergencies l Radiological or Nuclear l Fires l Earthquakes l Flooding l Wind l Terrorist attacks

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts7 ICS Includes All Responding Organizations l Facility or operator l Local and national governments l Non-governmental organizations

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts8 ICS Includes Any Specialized Groups Responding l Radiological assessors l Social services l Law-enforcement l Other elements of the response

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts9 The ICS Uses a Common Terminology l Ensures that all responders understand each other l Common organizational functions and unit names l Common names used for personnel, equipment and facilities l Plain text used in radio transmissions (i.e. does not use codes)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts10 ICS Uses a Modular Organization l Enables the structure to expand or contract to meet the needs of the emergency l Structure develops from the top down, from the first-to arrive l Structure based on incident/emergency management needs l Incident commander is always staffed; other functions are staffed as needed

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts11 It is used to organize large and small responses: l A few people (e.g. for a truck accident) l Hundreds of people (e.g. an earthquake) An ICS Uses a Modular Organization (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts12 ICS Uses Integrated Communications ICS Uses Integrated Communications l Common communications plan l Common terminology l Compatible communications systems l Two-way communications following standard procedures

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts13 ICS Uses Unity of Command ICS Uses Unity of Command l Understand who is in charge l Predetermined/uniform chain-of-command l Always an incident commander in charge l Includes within a command group, all agencies with responsibility

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts14 As the Emergency Expands the Incident Commander May Change l Individuals with a primary role during each phase n Operator or first responder to arrive n Local official n National official n Command group headed by an incident commander l Responsibility is transferred to an individual fully trained and briefed

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts15 An ICS Uses Designated Facilities/Locations When people arrive, everyone knows where to go: l Incident Command Post (ICP) l Public Information Centre (PIC) l Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Centre (RMAC)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts16 ICS Uses Five Major Components l Command l Planning l Operations l Logistics l Finance/administration

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts17 The ICS Organization Never changes Small scale emergencies n Incident commander may perform all of the components Large-scale emergencies n ICS has several levels n Sections for each major component n Next level branches by functional or geographic responsibility n Next level groups by specified functional assignment n Finally teams

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts18 ICS Basic Structure

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts19 Example of Large Response Organization for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency l For Goiânia and Chernobyl level emergencies n May have over a 1000 people working n Take weeks to be fully activated

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts20 Command Group is Formed l For complex emergencies (e.g. NPP) n Leaders of major response organizations n Local officials (civil, law enforcement etc) n Facility l Representatives meet at the Incident Command Post (ICP) Incident Command Post (ICP) (could be at the Emergency (could be at the Emergency Operations Facility - EOF) Operations Facility - EOF)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts21 The Command Group The Command Group l Directed by the incident commander l Operates at the incident command post l Public information officer/group (at PIC) l Safety officer / group (monitors safety conditions) l Liaison officer/group

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts22 ICS: Command Group (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts23 ICS: Planning Section l Collection, evaluation and dissemination of information l Develop an incident action plans (IAP), e.g. for the next 12 to 24 hours l Remainder of the emergency phase l Long-term recovery (start the plan early)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts24 ICS: Planning Section (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts25 ICS: Operations Section l Implementing the response activities (IAP) l Typically field operations l Includes (for example): n Facility n Radiological assessment branch (at RMAC) n Human services n Police/medical/fire brigade etc

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts26 ICS: Operations Section (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts27 ICS: Radiological Assessment Branch l Gathering and analysis of ALL environmental radiological data (off-site and facility) l Support for decision makers l Includes the assessment of the risk posed by the facility l Field operations monitoring and sampling teams l Geographical areas may subdivide field operations

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts28 ICS: Radiological Assessment Branch (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts29 ICS: Medical and Radiation Protection Services Branch l Medical assessment and treatment of radiation induced and other injuries l Monitoring and controlling of the doses received by members of the response organization

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts30 ICS: Medical and Radiation Protection Services Branch (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts31 ICS: Logistics Section l Facilities l Services l Materials

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts32 ICS: Logistics Section (1)

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts33 ICS: Finance and Administration Section Tracking response costs Reimbursements

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts34 Transition to the ICS l Agree who is the incident commander at each stage l Coordinate by phone – liaisons at first l Operate out of the ICP, PIC, RMAC, etc as soon as possible

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts35 Summary l Incident command system (ICS) n Respond anywhere n Expand in size as required by the emergency n Cope with rapidly expanding emergency n Any type of emergency l An ICS uses n Common terminology n Modular organization n Integrated communications n Unity of command

Module IX.3 - Basic Concepts36 Where to Get More Information l IAEA, Method for Developing Arrangements for Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency,Updated TECDOC-953, EPR-Method, IAEA, Vienna (2003)